城市生态系统休闲娱乐服务支付意愿及价值评估——以成都市温江区为例

城市生态系统为居民提供了供给服务、环境调节服务和休闲娱乐等精神文化服务。从现代消费选择理论出发,建立居民接受城市生态系统休闲娱乐服务支付意愿模型,采用Logit模型、Oprobit模型和实际调查数据,分析了居民对温江区城市生态系统休闲娱乐服务的支付意愿及影响因素,并运用CVM方法对其休闲娱乐服务价值进行了测算。结果表明:(1)居民支付意愿与支付数量在成都市区均低于温江区,两者支付意愿率分别为60.3%和69.1%,支付意愿值为127.1元/a和142.5元/a;(2)居民支付意愿和支付数量不仅是收入水平的体现,也是居民对城市生态系统内部基础设施服务和便利程度的主观评价,以及再次获取服务意愿等非经济因素的体现;居民受教育程度和再次获取服务的意愿对支付数量有负影响,这反映了人们对城市生态系统休闲娱乐服务认识与支付行为的偏差和"搭便车"的侥幸心理。(3)基于平均支付意愿,温江区城市生态系统休闲娱乐服务价值为4.1亿元,在城镇化不断推进和居民收入不断增加的背景下,城市生态系统具有较大的潜在休闲娱乐服务价值。最后,基于研究结论,提出了相应的政策建议。

Willingness-to-pay for recreation services of urban ecosystem and its value assessment: a case study in the Wenjiang district of Chengdu City, China

Urban ecosystems are mainly comprised of green infrastructure, such as green spaces, parks, forests, lakes, streams, and rivers, and are relatively small in China. Although economic evaluation of urban ecosystem services has attracted wide attention, little is known about the recreation value of urban ecosystems, an important benefit of urban ecosystems. Using modern consumer choice theory, residents in the Wenjiang district and Chengdu City accepting recreation services of urban ecosystem were assessed using a face to face questionnaire survey, which asked them to express their willingness to pay (WTP) for travelling to green infrastructure in the Wenjiang district. The residents'' WTP for the recreation services of the urban ecosystem and its influencing factors were analyzed using the Logit and Oprobit models, and the economic value of the recreation service was calculated by the contingent valuation method (CVM). The results showed that: (1) respondents in the Wenjiang district and Chengdu City had different average probability of payment and amount of the residents'' WTP for traveling to green space, forests, lakes, and rives in the Wenjiang disrict. The average probability of respondents expressing a WTP in Chengdu City and Wenjiang district were 60.3% and 69.1%, with an average WTP of 127.1 Yuan and 142.5 Yuan per year per person, respectively. (2) The probability and amount of the residents'' WTP was not only influenced by respondent''s income level, but also reflected the subjective evaluation of residents for internal infrastructure services in the urban ecosystem and degree of convenience, as well as the residents'' willingness for the next availability of services. However, educational level and residents'' willingness of next available services had a significant negative influence on the maximum WTP, which could correspond to variation in recognition and the act of paying, as well as "pick-up" psychology. (3) Based on the maximum WTP, the value of urban ecosystem services in recreation in the Wenjiang district was approximately 410 million Yuan per year. With growing residential income and increasing demand for the recreation entertainment services, this WTP might grow in the coming years. Finally, based on the respondents stated preferences, we suggest how ecological management could be used to protect urban green spaces, and promote sustainable city development to maximize these benefits to people.