快速城镇化地区土地利用及生态效率测算与分析

如何以较小的生态资源损耗获得较大的经济社会效益,是我国新型城镇化与生态文明建设关注的核心议题之一。以快速城镇化的湖北省为典型研究区,引入随机前沿分析(Stochastic Frontier Analysis,SFA)测度各县域的土地利用效率、生态绩效指数和生态效率。结果表明:(1)对比分析非约束模型与约束模型的检验结果可知,前者在本研究中有更好的解释能力,加入生态变量后县域土地利用效率平均值增加1.4%;(2)湖北省县域土地利用效率平均值为0.882,土地利用效率总体水平较高,且生态绩效指数(Ecological Performance Index,EPI)大于0的县域占75.73%,EPI随着土地利用效率(Land Use Efficiency,LUE)的增加表现出先增后减的倒U型变化;(3)湖北省县域的生态效率(Ecological Efficiency,EE)分布在0.778-0.989之间,空间格局特征明显,效率高值县域在空间上呈现出以武汉城市圈和沿长江、汉江为点轴的A型分布特征。本研究揭示了快速城镇化区域土地利用、生态系统和经济效益之间的关系,可为新型城镇化发展、土地资源高效利用和生态资源保护提供参考。

Estimation and analysis of land use and ecological efficiency in rapid urbanization area

One of the core issues of the new urbanization and ecological civilization construction is developing strategies for obtaining larger economic and social benefits with smaller ecological resource loss in China. In this study, Hubei Province, which has rapid urbanization, was considered a typical case area, and the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) was used to measure the land use efficiency, ecological performance index, and ecological efficiency of each county in Hubei Province. The following results were obtained in this study. (1) We found that the non-constrained model had a better explanatory power than the constrained model did and the average land use efficiency increased by 1.4% after the addition of the ecological variable. (2) The average land use efficiency of Hubei Province was 0.882, whereas the overall land use efficiency was high and the counties with ecological performance indexes (EPIs) greater than 0 accounted for 75.73%. Furthermore, an increase in land use efficiency (LUE) resulted in EPI values showing inverted U-shape changes that first increased and then decreased. (3) The ecological efficiency (EE) of the counties of Hubei Province were between 0.778 and 0.989 and showed an obvious characteristic spatial pattern. In addition, the high-efficiency counties showed "A" type distribution characteristics that indicated the Wuhan metropolitan region was the point whereas the Yangtze River and Hanjiang River were on the axis. This study revealed that the relationship between land use, ecological system, and economic benefit in rapid urbanization area could provide a reference for new urbanization development, efficient utilization of land resources, and strategies for protecting ecological resources.