基于能值分析的中国海洋生态经济可持续发展评价

海洋生态经济可持续发展的研究既是生态经济研究的重要领域,也是海洋经济研究的重点领域。运用能值分析构建中国海洋生态经济系统能值分析模型和指标体系,以中国沿海地区及其附近海域为研究区域,利用2013年的数据对中国海洋生态经济系统的可持续发展水平进行能值测度。研究表明:(1)2013年,中国沿海各省的海洋生态经济总能值为1.70×10~(24)sej,可更新资源能值占主体地位。(2)受沿海各省海洋经济发展水平不同和区域海洋资源储量影响,中国沿海地区海洋生态经济能值密度分布差异较大,能值货币比率以上海为界,南高北低,高中低3种能值产出率结构并存且以中能值产出率结构为主。(3)中国海洋生态经济系统的生态承载力以高承载力和较高承载力为主,但局部地区海洋生态承载力偏低影响区域海洋生态系统平衡。中国海洋生态经济系统环境负载率较大,环境负载率高的地区与我国海洋经济发达地区高度耦合。(4)从可持续发展指数来看,中国海洋生态经济发展的整体可持续性较好,局部地区环境负载率过大和生态承载力偏低严重制约着区域海洋生态经济的可持续发展。

Sustainable development of marine eco-economics based on an emergy analysis in China

The sustainable development of marine eco-economic systems is fundamental for ecological and marine economic systems. The present study used emergy analysis to develop a model and index system for marine eco-economic systems. We selected coastal and sea areas in China and used data from 2013 to examine sustainable development of the marine eco-economic system. The results show that the: (1) in 2013, total emergy of marine eco-economic systems of coastal provinces is 1.70×10²⁴ sej, and renewable resource emergy comprised the principal portion of emergy in China;(2) emergy density of different coastal provinces showed considerable differences, which were affected by regional marine resource reserves and economic development levels. The emergy currency ratio was high in the south of Shanghai and low in the north. The emergy yield ratio of marine eco-economic systems had high, middle, and low structures, and was predominantly composed of the middle structures; (3) marine eco-economic systems of China are based on a relatively high marine ecological capacity. However, the marine ecological capacity in some areas is lower than other regions,which influenced the balance of regional marine ecosystems.The environmental load ratio of marine eco-economic systems was high, indicating a more developed marine economy;(4) from the index of sustainable development, the integral sustainability of the Chinese marine economy is good, but there is a heavy environmental load ratio, and the lower marine ecological capacity of some areas could affect the sustainable development of the regional marine economy.