驯养林麝(Moschus berezovskii)的繁殖节律:分娩定时及同步化

于2013年3—10月在四川马尔康麝场开展,记录了178例驯养林麝(Moschus berezovskii)的分娩,分析了其分娩定时、同步化及关键影响因素。结果表明,马尔康麝场的驯养林麝分娩发生于5—7月间,分娩期长达66d,平均分娩时间为5月25日(17.60±0.98,n=178),分娩季节(75%的分娩完成时间)长22d(即5月7日至5月28日间)。马尔康林麝分娩的强季节性是对当地季节性水热条件和食物资源的适应。驯养林麝的分娩时间与其年龄的相关不显著(r=-0.121,P=0.1060.05),虽亚成体雌麝(2—3岁)的分娩时间(5月26日,18.81±1.47,n=75)有迟于成体麝((4—9岁)(5月24日,16.97±1.41,n=95)和老龄雌麝(≥10岁)(5月21日,13.63±2.24,n=8)的趋势,但差异未达显著水平(P0.05)。此外,麝场各饲养区内的雌麝分娩时间格局无显著差异(P0.05),泥地基底的改装圈舍内的雌麝分娩(5月22日,15.31±1.48,n=62)略早于砖地基底的原装圈舍雌麝分娩(5月26日,18.82±1.27,n=116),差异未达显著水平(P0.05)。

Reproduction rhythm of captive forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) at the Maerkang Musk Deer Farm: parturition timing and synchrony

This study was conducted in 2013 from March to October, at the Maerkang Musk Deer Farm (MMDF), Sichuan Province. The birth dates of 178 captive Forest musk deer were recorded and analyzed to determine the temporal fawning patterns, for which parturition timing, synchrony, and the potential influencing factors were explored. The results showed a strong seasonality in the parturition patterns of captive forest musk deer, and all parturitions occurred within a range of 66 days in the three months from May to July. The average fawning date was 25 May (n=178) and the majority of births (75%) happened within 22 days from 7 to 28 May. The parturition seasonality of captive forest musk deer at MMDF was adapted to the local strong seasonal patterns of temperature, precipitation, and food resources in Maerkang. Moreover, although the parturition pattern was not strongly correlated to the age of the captive females (r=-0.121, P>0.05), the sub-adult females were inclined to fawn (26 May, n=75) later than the adults (24 May, n=95) and the old deer (21 May, n=8). However, this difference in parturition timing was not significant (P>0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed among the different enclosures (P>0.05), although the females in the original enclosures with a brick surface were inclined to fawn earlier (22 May, n=62) than those in the refined enclosures with an earth surface (26 May, n=116).