山西文峪河上中游森林群落多样性

基于山西文峪河上中游森林群落的野外调查数据,选取植物生活型、生活史、固氮类型、传粉途径、种子传播途径等14个植物功能性状,计算丰富度指数(R)、多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(E)等物种多样性指数和功能丰富度指数(FRic)、功能均匀度指数(FEve)、功能分歧度指数(FDiv)等功能多样性指数,并用TWINSPAN对森林群落进行分类,Spearman秩相关分析多样性指数间及其与环境因子间的相关性,对山西文峪河上中游森林群落多样性进行研究。结果表明:青杄林种数最多(R=27),辽东栎油松林和油松林种数最少(R=16);白桦林的H'和E最大,油松林的H'和E最小。山杨白桦林的FRic值最大,白杄林的FRic值最小;青杄林的FEve值最大,山杨白桦林的FEve值最小;山杨林的FDiv值最大,白桦林的FDiv值最小。文峪河上中游森林群落物种多样性指数与功能多样性指数间相关性不显著(P0.05),仅FDiv与H'呈显著负相关关系(P0.05);物种多样性指数间呈极显著相关关系(P0.01),功能多样性指数间相关性不显著(P0.05),仅FRic与FEve呈显著负相关关系(P0.05);随着海拔增加,物种多样性指数增加(P0.05或P0.01),但功能多样性指数减小(P0.01或P0.05)。

Diversity of forest communities in the upstream and middle reaches of the Wenyu River watershed, Shanxi

Over the past 10 years, ecosystem functional diversity has played an important role in ecological research. Many studies have revealed that biodiversity has a substantial impact on ecosystem function through functional diversity, i.e., functional diversity is the factor closely related to the ecological process of biological diversity. The diversity of forest communities in the upstream and middle reach of the Wenyu River watershed, Shanxi was studied based on the field survey data. In the forest communities, we determined the growth form, life history, types of nitrogen fixation, C3/C4 type, light tolerance, leaf type, flower type, pollination mode, fruit type, seed propagation, flowering time, flowering phase, fruitage time and fruit season. These variables were used as plant functional traits to calculate species diversity indices, including richness index (R), species diversity index (H''), and evenness index (E), as well as functional diversity indices including the functional richness index (FRic), functional evenness index (FEve), and functional divergence degree index (FDiv). Classification of forest communities was analyzed using TWINSPAN and the correlation among diversity indices and between diversity indices and environmental factors were determined using Spearman''s rank correlation analysis. The results indicated that:1) Based on the TWINSPAN classification results and in accordance with the principle and method of classification of vegetation, 52 forest quadrats in the upstream and middle reach of the Wenyu watershed were classified into nine formations, including Form. Betula platyphylla, Form. Picea meyeri, Form. Larix principis-ruprechtii, Form. Quercus wutaishanica, Form. Quercus wutaishanica+Pinus tabuliformis, Form. Picea wilsonii, Form. Populus davidiana+Betula platyphylla, Form. Populus davidiana and Form. Pinus tabuliformis. 2) The number of species was greatest in Form. Picea wilsonii (R=27) and Form. Quercus wutaishanica+Pinus tabuliformis, whereas Form. Pinus tabuliformis had the least (R=16); the H'' and E of Form. Betula platyphylla were the largest, and they were smallest for Form. Pinus tabuliformis. 3) The FRic of Form. Populus davidiana+Betula platyphylla was largest, and it was smallest for Form. Picea meyeri; the FEve of Form. Picea wilsonii was the largest, and it was smallest for Form. Populus davidiana+ Betula platyphylla; the FDiv of Form. Populus davidiana was largest, and it was smallest for Form. Betula platyphylla. 4) There was no correlation between the forest community species diversity index and functional diversity index (P > 0.05), with only FDiv and H'' being significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.05). 5) The correlation between the species diversity indices was highly significant (P < 0.01), the correlation between the functional diversity indices was not significant (P > 0.05), and FRic and FEve were significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.05). 6) The R value and altitude were highly significantly positively correlated (P < 0.01), the H'' value and altitude were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.05), the H'' the E values were significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.05), the FDiv value and latitude were highly significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.01), the FDiv value and altitude were highly significantly negatively correlated (P < 0.01). 7) As altitude increased, the species diversity index increased, and the linear relationship between the R and E values changed with altitude and was significant (P < 0.05); the linear relationship between the H'' value and altitude was highly significant (P < 0.01), but as the functional diversity index decreased, the linear relationship between the FRic and FEve values changed with altitude was not significant (P > 0.05); the linear relationship between the FDiv value and altitude was highly significant (P < 0.01).