全球气候治理新进展——区域碳排放权分配研究综述

碳排放权作为稀缺的公共资源,其实质是一种新型发展权。科学合理分配有限的碳排放权对实现《巴黎协定》温控目标至关重要。从原则、方法、尺度与方案等维度对碳排放权分配的文献成果进行了系统梳理与归纳。研究表明,国内外学者大多基于公平性和效率性原则探索碳排放权分配;分配方法分为指标法、博弈论法、数据包络分析法和综合法等,各有利弊和适用条件;分配尺度大多涉及国际和区际两个层面,前者由于各国不同的利益诉求较难形成共识性方案,后者主要关注省际分配,更小尺度的研究相对较少。未来碳排放权分配研究趋向于多原则兼顾、多方法联用,涵盖国际、省际、市际及行业、企业等不同尺度。本研究可为制定科学合理的碳排放权分配方案提供理论依据,为我国更为积极有效地参与全球气候治理提供决策参考。

New progress in global climate governance: A review on the allocation of regional carbon emission allowance

The allocation of carbon emission allowance (CEA) that serves as a new form of development right owing to its scarcity and publicity has been playing a prominent role in achieving the target of global temperature control proposed by the Paris Agreement. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the principles, methods, scales, and schemes of CEA allocation. Our study showed that the research on CEA allocation was dominated by the equity and efficiency principles, whereas emerging principles such as feasibility and sustainability have been increasingly adopted. CEA allocation can be fulfilled through the composite indicators method, the game theory method, the data envelopment analysis, and the hybrid method. However, all these methods are subject to specific applicability with their own pros and cons. Furthermore, the international and interregional allocation has been the main focus of the CEA studies. The former makes it difficult to form a consensus-based scheme because of the different interests of countries, while the latter is primarily narrowed down to province-wide allocation. Future research into CEA allocation is expected to comply with multi-principle and multi-method combination, spanning a wide spectrum of scales ranging from the international, interprovincial, interurban to sectoral and corporate levels. This review makes great sense by providing a theoretical basis for better understanding the state of the art in CEA allocation and undertaking scientific and feasible allocation of CEA at multiple scales. It can also serve as a reference for the target decomposition of various pollutant reduction.