精准扶贫视角下生态系统服务与贫困人口生计耦合关联分析

在生态文明建设和精准扶贫背景下,处理好贫困区生态系统保护和扶贫开发间的关系,是如期实现2020年全面建成小康社会的基础。以全国717个贫困市、区、县为研究对象,构建了精准扶贫视角下生态系统服务与贫困人口生计耦合的评价指标体系和灰色关联耦合模型,分析中国贫困区生态系统服务和贫困人口生计耦合的主要影响因素以及耦合度的时空演变规律,结果表明:(1) 2015年中国贫困区生态系统服务和人口生计两个系统各指标间的关联度在0.363—0.964。其中,生态系统服务对贫困人口生计的综合关联度为0.793,贫困人口生计对生态系统服务的综合关联度为0.740。(2) 2000—2015年生态系统服务和人口生计耦合度长时间序列呈"W"型变化,年际间波动变化明显,但整体维持在0.770—0.801之间。(3) 2000—2015年生态系统服务与贫困人口生计耦合度最高的区域主要集中分布在西部区域,主要包括西藏省、四川省西北藏区及青海省南部,东中部区域的耦合度相对较低,中国贫困区生态系统服务与贫困人口生计间耦合的空间分异显著。(4) 2000—2015年生态系统服务与贫困人口生计耦合度呈上升趋势的区县有92个,占中国全部贫困区县数量的12.83%;呈下降趋势的区县有163个区县,占中国全部贫困区县数量的22.73%;保持稳定不变的区县有462个,占中国全部贫困区县数量的64.44%。这些结论可为区域精准扶贫制定针对性政策,如期实现脱贫,提供参考和借鉴。

Coupling correlation analysis of ecosystem services and livelihoods in the perspective of targeted poverty alleviation

Under the background of ecological civilization construction and targeted poverty alleviation, it is essential to understand the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and livelihood factors related to poverty alleviation in China. In this paper, 717 poverty-stricken counties in China were picked up as cases to elucidate this coupling relationship. First, we constructed evaluation index systems for ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods. Then, we calculated the coupling degree between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods from 2000 to 2015 by using the gray coupling correlation model. Finally, we analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of the coupling degree between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods. The results indicate that mutual correlation degree between indicators in the ecosystem service and poverty livelihood systems was located in a range of 0.363 to 0.964. The comprehensive correlation degree of ecosystem services to poverty livelihood was 0.793, while that of poverty livelihoods to ecosystem services was 0.740. From 2000 to 2015, the coupling degrees between ecosystem services and poverty livelihoods showed "W" curve change with the values between 0.770 and 0.801. The spatial variability of coupling degree was significant, with the western region of China having the highest coupling degree and the central and eastern regions of China having lower coupling degrees. In addition, from 2000 to 2015, increasing trend of coupling degree was exhibited in 92 counties, accounting for 12.83% of all poverty-stricken counties, whereas, of all poverty-stricken counties 163 counties (22.73%) showed declining trend and 462 counties (64.44%) showed stable trend. These data rationalize that effective measures are required to lift ecosystem services out of poverty trap and into sustainable livelihoods.