大型水母迁移规律和灾害监测预警技术研究进展

20世纪80年代以来,全球大型水母灾害发生频率与成灾种类不断增加,已严重影响了近海海洋渔业、沿海工业、滨海旅游业和海洋生态系统,已引起了各国政府高度重视,并且越来越多海洋工作者投身水母迁移等科学研究和监测预警工作中。回顾近年来国内外学者对水母漂移聚集和溯源等迁移规律的研究进展以及水母灾害监测预警工作现状。水母研究为预测预警工作服务,应侧重于开展系统的水母海上和室内试验,建立业务化立体监测体系;加强水母漂移聚集机理研究,建立更完善的水母预警模式。

Review on the migration mechanisms of large jellyfish and techniques of the monitoring, forecasting, and warning of jellyfish disaster

The occurrence frequency and disaster category of large jellyfish has increased continuously worldwide since 1980s. The jellyfish disaster has seriously affected the offshore marine fisheries, coastal industry, coastal tourism and marine ecosystem. The governments and organizations have paid much attention to jellyfish study such as the migration mechanisms, and work on monitoring, forecasting, and warning of jellyfish disaster. In this paper, the recent progress has been reviewed on the migration mechanisms of large jellyfish, including its drifting and aggregation behavior as well as its source. Furthermore, recent work on the monitoring, forecasting, and warning of jellyfish disaster has been introduced. Several suggestions are proposed, such as the development of a three-dimensional operational monitoring system, the need for integrated studies on the migration mechanisms, and further development of improved forecasting and warning models.