近20年外来生物入侵危害与风险评估文献计量分析

外来生物入侵导致全球生物多样性下降,极大地威胁着生态系统健康,已造成很大的生态损失与经济损失。近年来,随着生物入侵的加剧,全球对生物入侵的研究力度不断加大。外来入侵生物的生态危害与风险评估可以为人们提供对入侵可能性和入侵方式更直接的信息,从而为管理者制定管理策略提供依据。基于最近20年间(1995—2014年)科学文献数据库Web of Science的科学引文索引数据库扩展版(SCI-E)中数据,对外来入侵生物的生态危害与风险评估方面的研究进行了文献计量分析,旨在了解当前国际研究现状,以便推动中国的生物入侵相关研究。为了全面掌握全球外来生物入侵生态危害与风险评估方面的研究,采用Bibexcel与TDA文献计量工具,对Web of Science数据库中相关文献进行了分析,去重后共获取5492篇文献。结果表明:近20年(1995—2014年)入侵生物的生态危害与风险评估方面的研究刊文量呈现前缓后剧增的趋势,2008—2014年进入了快速发展阶段,文献数量急剧增加,2014年达到最高(511篇);美国发文量远超其它国家,占据主导地位,中国刊文量排名第5。美国、澳大利亚、法国、英国、德国的研究论文影响力较大。刊文量最多的研究机构为美国农业部(USDA),中国科学院发文量排名第10位。研究学科主要为昆虫学、农艺学、植物科学、生态学,研究热点集中在生物防治、风险评估、粮食作物和经济作物的病虫害防治、杂草防控,以及生物入侵与气候变化的关系等方面。有关外来入侵生物的生态危害与风险评估的研究多集中于北美、澳大利亚和欧洲,未来要加强亚洲地区,特别是中国外来生物入侵风险评估的研究;要加强气候变化对外来生物物种特性的影响研究,更多关注入侵生物的生态控制与生态恢复方面的研究,以便更好地为今后长期有效地防控入侵生物提供理论与技术指导。

A bibliometric analysis of researches on topics related to the ecological damage caused by and risk assessments of exotic invasive species from 1995 to 2014

Biological invasions are one of the major threats to the functioning of local ecosystems and global biodiversity, and thus have become a prime focus of scientific attention over the past several decades. To better understand the research that has been carried out, we searched the Web of Science database for publications pertaining to ecological damage caused by and risk assessments of exotic invasive species between the years 1995 and 2014. We then used Bibexcel and the Thomson Data Analyzer to examine such aspects as the annual number of publications, journal of publication, institutional affiliations, study subjects and the frequency of key words. We found that the number of publications increased annually from 1995 to 2014, reaching 511 publications in 2014; notably, there appeared to be a rapid increase from 2008 to 2014. Publications derived primarily from North America, Australia and Europe, with the USA the most dominant individual country and China ranking 5^th, and papers published by authors in the USA, Australia, France, the UK, and Germany proved to have greater impact based on the analysis of citations. The US Department of Agriculture published the most papers, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranking 10^th. Papers published by researchers in the fields of entomology, agronomy, plant sciences, and ecology focused primarily on topics related to biological control, risk assessment, weed control, and pest control in agricultural production, followed by biological invasion and climate change. Based on these results, it is clear that more studies should be carried out in Asia, and particularly in China. In addition, the effects of climate change on traits of invasive species, along with research on ecological control of invasive species and ecosystem restoration, should be given more attention in the future.