The role of released ATP in killing Candida albicans and other extracellular microbial pathogens by cationic peptides |
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Authors: | Slavena Vylkova Jianing N Sun Mira Edgerton |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;(2) Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;(3) State University of New York at Buffalo, 310 Foster Hall, SUNY at Buffalo Main Street Campus, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA |
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Abstract: | A unifying theme common to the action of many cationic peptides that display lethal activities against microbial pathogens
is their specific action at microbial membranes that results in selective loss of ions and small nucleotides—chiefly ATP.
One model cationic peptide that induces non-lytic release of ATP from the fungal pathogen Candida albicans is salivary histatin 5 (Hst 5). The major characteristic of Hst 5-induced ATP release is that it occurs rapidly while cells
are still metabolically active and have polarized membranes, thus precluding cell lysis as the means of release of ATP. Other
cationic peptides that induce selective release of ATP from target microbes are lactoferricin, human neutrophil defensins,
bactenecin, and cathelicidin peptides. The role of released extracellular ATP induced by cationic peptides is not known, but
localized increases in extracellular ATP concentration may serve to potentiate cell killing, facilitate further peptide uptake,
or function as an additional signal to activate the host innate immune system at the site of infection. |
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Keywords: | ATP release Candida albicans cationic antimicrobial peptides defensins histatin |
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