新西兰岩石百合中两种共存的繁育策略：延迟自动自交和欺骗传粉吸引

延迟自动自交和欺骗传粉吸引在被子植物多数类群中有相关报道，但是至今没有发现两种繁育策略在同一物种中共存现象。本研究通过对照试验检测新西兰岩石百合雄蕊附属物和花冠闭合运动是否分别具有欺骗吸引和延迟自交功能。研究结果表明，新西兰岩石百合黄色的雄蕊附属物拟态花粉（或花药），约93%的昆虫访花行为源自黄色花药附属物的欺骗吸引，雄蕊附属物的报酬拟态功能有效提高昆虫拜访频率并促进异交。同时，研究发现新西兰岩石百合花期结束时花瓣闭合促使雌雄隔离距离的缩小，花瓣自然闭合的花朵平均结籽数（20.62）显著高于闭合前去雄处理花朵（11.79）。我们的结果表明延迟自动自交与欺骗传粉吸引两种繁育策略在新西兰岩石百合中共存。

Coexistence of Delayed Autonomous Self-pollination and Deceptive Pollination in Arthropodium cirratum(Asparagaceae)

Delayed autonomous pollination and deceptive pollination are assumed to be relatively common in flowering plants,but no species have been reported to use both of these cunning reproductive strategies.In this study,we examined whether delayed selfing and mimicry were used concurrently in Arthropodium cirratum.Flowers of A.cirratum were manipulated to assess whether their stamen appendages and corolla closing movements were functional in deceptive pollination and delayed selfing,respectively.Our results indicated that anther or pollen imitation of the yellow stamen appendages contributed to 93 per cent of successful mimetic attraction,and this mimicry was an important driver of cross-pollination of the species.In addition,we observed closure of the perianth relocated the stamens over the stigma at the end of anthesis,which significantly increased the average seed number per fruit of intact flowers over flowers emasculated before closure(20.62 versus 11.79).Our findings confirmed the coexistence of delayed autonomous self-pollination and deceptive pollination in A.cirratum.Our results also suggested that delayed selfing could add fitness benefits for this mimetic attraction species.