Shoot and root competition in potato/maize intercropping: Effects on growth and yield |
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| Authors: | Gustave Nachigera Mushagalusa Jean-François Ledent Xavier Draye |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Fisheries, Aquaculture and Agricultural Systems Research Center, Palmas, State of Tocantins, Brazil;2. São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agricultural Science, Department of Crop Science, Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil;3. EMBRAPA, Rice and Beans Research Center, Santo Antônio de Goiás, State of Goiás, Brazil;4. São Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology (APTA), Andradina, State of São Paulo, Brazil;5. UNESP, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding, Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil;1. Wageningen University, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Wageningen University, Plant Production Systems group, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;3. Department of Environment Science, Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xianyang 712000, China;1. Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Agricultural Meteorological Department, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China;2. Scientific and Observing Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuchuan, Hohhot, 010031, China;3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010031, China;4. Wageningen University, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands;5. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China;1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;2. Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China;3. Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;4. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;5. Meteorological Bureau, Heze 274000, China |
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| Abstract: | Interspecific competitive relationships and their effect on yield have been analysed in the association of potato and maize, two species with contrasting patterns of root and shoot systems establishment. Greenhouse experiments were carried out under three configurations (NC: no interspecific competition; FC: shoot and root interspecific competition; SC: shoot-only interspecific competition). Despite large variations between replicate experiments associated with seasonal effects, the study revealed consistent patterns of competition for above- and below-ground resources. Light interception in FC and SC was dominated by potato (60%) during the first 45 days after planting and by maize thereafter (80%). The extra shade caused by the companion crop increased soil moisture by up to 10% in SC treatments. The yield of the two species responded in opposite ways to SC, which was consistent with asymmetric patterns of competition between the two species. In potato, FC reduced tuber yield (number and size) by 4–26%, while SC increased tuber size (compared to NC) by 3–39%. In maize, FC reduced LAI and plant height by up to 45%, shoot and root dry mass, nutrient content, yield, the weight of 100 grains and harvest index by ca. 30–100%, while SC affected all but LAI and plant height. It appears that the contrast between the progressive installation of the maize root system and the rapid early extension of the potato root system is amplified by the restriction of maize root development under competition, which leads to close interdependencies between root and shoot competitive relationships. Although the specific effects of root competition cannot be uncovered by this set of experiments, competition effects on maize in the potato/maize intercropping seem to primarily related to light availability in the mixed canopy. |
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