Metal accumulation and damage in rice (cv. Vialone nano) seedlings exposed to cadmium |
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| Authors: | Nicoletta Rascio Francesca Dalla Vecchia Nicoletta La Rocca Roberto Barbato Cristina Pagliano Marco Raviolo Cristina Gonnelli Roberto Gabbrielli |
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| Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale ‘Amedeo Avogadro’, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Firenze, I-50100 Firenze, Italy;1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;3. Center for Training, Consultancy and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi City, Viet Nam;4. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China;1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK;1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China;2. Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China;3. Institute of Plant Protection and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, P.R.China |
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| Abstract: | The effect of exposure to increasing cadmium concentrations was analyzed in rice seedlings (cv. Vialone nano). The highest Cd accumulation was found in roots, mostly in the apoplastic environment. Cd taken up in cells led to an increase in sulfhydryl groups, the appearance of phytochelatins, and formation of electron-dense vacuolar inclusions. The metal-exposure inhibited root growth and also interfered with correct root morphogenesis, causing disordered division and abnormal and forward enlargement of epidermal and cortical cell layers in the apical region. Cd accumulation in shoots was lower than in roots. In leaf cells, there was neither a substantial increase in sulfhydryl groups nor the appearance of phytochelatins. Shoot growth was reduced and, differently from in roots, leaf cell enlargement was inhibited. Chloroplasts had lowered contents of chlorophyll and a reduced number of thylakoids, but underwent structural alterations only at the highest Cd concentration tested (250 μM). Photosynthetic activity was limited due to the curtailment of CO2 availability caused by the greater resistance of Cd-exposed leaves. The damage suffered by seedlings worsened with the increase in Cd concentration, but was already evident at the lowest concentration examined (50 μM), showing that the cv. Vialone nano has a Cd-sensitivity higher than other rice cultivars. |
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