Temporal variations and spatial patterns in saline and waterlogged peat fields: 1. Survival and growth of salt marsh graminoids |
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| Authors: | Marilou B. Montemayor Jonathan S. Price Line Rochefort Stephanie Boudreau |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, 33615 Pessac cedex, France;2. Grupo de Geociencias Oceanicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain;3. International Ocean Discovery Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA;4. Géosciences Montpellier, Montpellier, France;5. IPMA, Divisão de Geologia Marinha e Georrecursos, Lisbon, Portugal;1. Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;2. Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO 65211, United States;3. Laboratory of Archaeological Materials, NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece;1. University of Liverpool, Department of Geography and Planning, 74 Bedford St S., Liverpool, UK;2. Liverpool John Moores University, Department of Civil Engineering, Peter Jost Enterprise Centre, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, MA 02543, USA;4. Cambridge Coastal Research Unit (CCRU), Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, United Kingdom;5. Ecosystem Management Research Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | A cutover bog contaminated with seawater in New Brunswick, Canada remained barren 5 years after peat extraction operations ceased despite the proximity of natural seed sources. The aim of the study was to identify abiotic stresses impeding plant establishment and test transplanting of salt-tolerant wetland plants. The site consisted of long cambered rectangular fields that sloped down (2%) to the drainage ditches on both sides. Across this slope, zones were delineated based on moisture gradient as: Up-areas (drier), Mid-areas (moist) and Low-areas (wet). Juncus balticus was transplanted to these zones in August 2004 whereas Spartina pectinata was reintroduced in June 2005. Plant material was collected from nearby marshes. Survival of J. balticus in August 2005 was poorest at the Low-areas probably because of the early season flooded conditions of that zone. S. pectinata survival in June 2006 was good in all zones having better adaptation to early season waterlogged conditions. Early season waterlogged conditions resulted from a perched water table (May–June) and were alleviated only upon the complete thaw of the frozen peat layer on 8 July. Thereafter, important changes in peat characteristics occurred: lowered water table depths that increased redox potentials, decreased moisture content (θ) that increased dry bulk density (ρ), and increased electrical conductivity (EC) that decreased pH. Waterlogged conditions were of greater magnitude and duration at the Low-areas but salinity levels were highest in the Up-areas and Mid-areas. We conclude that local conditions of waterlogging (especially in the Low-areas) and high salinity and low pH (notably in the Up- and Mid-areas) favoured the survival of S. pectinata in all areas and J. balticus in Up- and Mid-areas only. |
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