The importance of hardening and winter temperature for growth in mountain birch populations |
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| Authors: | Oddvar Skre Kari Taulavuori Erja Taulavuori Jarle Nilsen Bernt Igeland Kari Laine |
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| Institution: | 1. Skre Nature and Environment (NMV), Kvernabekkvegen 72, N-5243 Fana, Norway;2. Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;3. Department of Biology and Geology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;4. Thule Institute, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 7300, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;1. Centro Nacional Patagónico/CONICET, Blvd. Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina;2. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Blvd. Brown 3700, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina;1. Área de Botánica, Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, EU de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, E-42004 Soria, Spain;2. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Dendro Sciences Unit, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;1. Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Rijkswaterstaat, Waterdienst, P.O. Box 17, 8200 AA Lelystad, The Netherlands;3. Wageningen University, Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 4, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium;2. Agency for Nature and Forest, Koning Albert II laan 20, 1000 Brussel, Belgium;3. Ghent University, Research Group Spermatophytes, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;1. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática: Invertebrados Nativos (EAIN), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Seedlings of five mountain birch populations (Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. czerepanovii) from Fennoscandia and Iceland were raised and grown at natural daylengths at Tromsø, Norway (69°N) and different temperatures during late summer and fall season, followed by winter temperature treatment at ambient and +4 °C above ambient temperatures at Bergen, Norway (60°N). The experiment took place during two seasons (2000/01 and 2001/02). The following summer shoot and biomass growth were reduced as a result of winter warming and subsequent premature dehardening in early flushing provenances and treatments. Biomass increased in plants grown at low hardening temperature when compared with high temperature treatment. As a conclusion, increased winter temperatures would tend to increase the risk of spring frost damage and reduce growth in birch seedlings, because the differences between the frost hardening and ambient temperatures are decreasing, and because the time from budbreak to dehardening is shortened. The results are discussed in relation to simultaneous experiments with frost hardiness in the same populations and treatments. |
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