新疆伊犁河鲫鱼遗传多样性初步研究

为了解我国西北地区野生鲫鱼的遗传多样性，鲫鱼样品从新疆伊梨河中采用小型拖网捕获。通过解剖观察性腺鉴定性别；采用碘化丙啶（PI）染色，经流式细胞仪测定血细胞核DNA含量；采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，考马斯亮蓝染色分析血清转铁蛋白多态性。结果表明：新疆伊梨河鲫鱼群体为具雌、雄的两性个体的群体；伊犁河鲫鱼血细胞核DNA平均含量为(5.315±0.215) pg/个细胞核，血细胞核DNA含量约为二倍体彩鲫DNA含量的1.53倍，与银鲫血细胞核DNA含量相当；在所采集的鲫鱼样品中共发现9种转铁蛋白表现型, 由7个等位基因调控，等位基因频率依次为Tf a0.063、Tf b0.063、Tf f0.095、Tf g0.169、Tf c0.174、Tf e0.175和Tf d0.270。基因型频率分别为Tf cd0.043、Tf cdf0.043、Tf abdg0.043、Tf def 0.087、Tf ce0.13、Tf de0.13、Tf df0.13、Tf abeg0. 13和Tf cdg0.26。综合分析，伊犁河现存野生鲫鱼为银鲫，且具有两性融合生殖能力。伊犁河鲫鱼表现出的遗传特性可能与该特定水环境有关。

Genetic diversity of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) from Yili River of Sinkiang District

Studies about genetic diversity of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) have been executed for many years. However, the samples usually come from the area of Heilong River in northeast, Yangtze River and Yellow River in the middle part of China, rarely from the district of Sinkiang District in northwest of China. This study aim at accumulating evidences for realizing genetic diversity and finding some characteristic marks of genetic diversity of crucian carp in the district of Sinkiang District in northwest of China. The sampled crucian carps (Carassius auratus) captured with townet from Yili River of Sinkiang district. Their sex was identified according to the gland at the anatomical level. DNA content of blood corpuscle was mensurated with Phoenix Flow Systems after blood corpuscle was dyed with propidium iodide (PI) solution. Transferrin (Tf) in blood serum was measured with non-denatualization polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was staimed with coommassie brilliant blue G-250. The result indicates that there are both of male and female among the crucian carp groups. DNA content of blood corpuscle of crueian carp is about 1.53 times of the color diploid crucian carp (actual 5.315 ±0. 215pg/nucleus: 3. 475 ±0. 079 pg/nucleus, respectively). The quantity is matching with that of the gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch). Nine phenotype of Tf have been discovered among those crucian carps, controlled by seven alleles. Its genic frequency is Tfa0. 063, Tfb0. 063, Tff0. 095, Tfg0. 169, TfaO. 174, Tfc0. 175 and Tfd0. 270. Genotype frequency is Tfde0. 13, Tfcd0. 043, Tfce0. 13, Tfdf0. 13, Tfcdg0. 26, Tfdf0. 043, Tfdef0. 087, Tfabeg0. 013 and Tfabdg 0. 043, respectively, presenting a very plentiful genetic diversity. These indicate that there are two kinds of reproductive modes of sexual reproduction and clonal reproduction of gynogenesis among this group of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) from Yili River of Sinkiang District. The crucian carps (Carassius auratus) are silver Crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch). Diversity in reproductive modes may play an important role in ecological adaptation of crucian carps. They may have evolved over several undiscovered event in history.