咸水灌溉对冬小麦籽粒品质特性和产量的影响

为缓解农业用水供需矛盾,解决井灌区地下水超采问题,探究华北平原广泛分布的地下咸水灌溉对冬小麦品质和产量的影响,实现农业可持续发展,本研究在始于2006年的长期定位试验基础上,设置1、2、4、6、8 g·L^-1共5个灌溉水矿化度处理,其中1 g·L^-1灌溉水(取自当地地下水)为对照,研究咸水灌溉对冬小麦籽粒品质特性和产量性状的影响。结果表明: 与对照相比,当灌溉水矿化度≥4 g·L^-1时可显著增加籽粒吸水量、面团形成时间、沉淀值、湿面筋和粗蛋白含量,但显著降低出粉率、面团稳定时间和面筋指数;长期灌溉高矿化度咸水(4～8 g·L^-1)显著降低了冬小麦穗数(44.0%～60.7%)和籽粒产量(35.6%～64.7%)。在连续多年咸水灌溉条件下,与对照相比,2 g·L^-1灌水处理对籽粒产量及产量构成因素无显著影响,且能提高吸水量、面团形成时间、沉淀值、湿面筋和粗蛋白含量等籽粒品质。采用主成分分析法对冬小麦产量性状和品质特性进行综合性评价,得出2 g·L^-1灌水处理综合效果最优。本研究可为华北平原咸水资源高效利用提供理论支撑。

Effects of brackish water irrigation on grain quality characteristics and yield of winter wheat

Brackish water resource is widely distributed in the North China Plain, which has not been effectively utilized. Using brackish water for irrigation can alleviate water resource conflict in the well-irrigated area and solve the problem of groundwater over-exploitation of the North China Plain. A long-term experiment (since 2006) was conducted to investigate the effects of brackish water irrigation on the quality and yield of winter wheat in the North China Plain. There were five salinity degrees of irrigation water, i.e. 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g·L^-1, respectively. The results showed that higher salinity degree of irrigation water (4-8 g·L^-1) significantly increased water absorption, development time, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and protein content, but decreased the stabilization time, flour yield, and gluten index. There was no significant difference between the treatments of 1 g·L^-1 and 2 g·L^-1 on grain yield and yield components, but the treatment of 2 g·L^-1 significantly improved grain quality, including water absorption, development time, sedimentation, wet gluten, and protein content. Higher salinity degree of irrigation water (4-8 g·L^-1) treatments significantly decreased spike number (44.0%-60.7%) and grain yield (35.6%-64.7%), compared with 1 g·L^-1 treatment. Results of principal component analysis showed that 2 g·L^-1 treatment had the best overall effect with no significant decrease in grain yield and quality of grain. This study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for use of brackish water in the North China Plain.