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不同磷水平配施生物炭对土壤磷有效性
引用本文:邝曦芝,邓伟明,唐乐乐,黄期,蔡昆争,田纪辉. 不同磷水平配施生物炭对土壤磷有效性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(7): 1911-1918. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202207.018
作者姓名:邝曦芝  邓伟明  唐乐乐  黄期  蔡昆争  田纪辉
作者单位:1.广东省生态循环农业重点实验室, 广州 510642;2.华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642;3.农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室, 广州 510642
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31870420,41807084)和广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030313177,2018A030310214)资助。
摘    要:生物炭在提高土壤磷素有效性及促进作物生长方面具有显著作用,但其效果因土壤类型不同存在较大差异。试验以赤红壤(pH 4.91)和褐土(pH 7.24)为供试土壤,设置3种磷肥水平(0、30、90 kg P·hm-2,分别以不施磷、低磷、高磷表示)配施稻秆生物炭(0、4%)的大豆盆栽试验,研究了不同磷水平下配施生物炭对土壤磷有效性、磷酸单酯酶活性和植株磷吸收的影响。结果表明: 不同磷水平配施生物炭显著提高了两种土壤的速效磷和全磷含量,且低磷水平添加生物炭处理速效磷增幅最大,在赤红壤和褐土的增幅分别为192.6%和237.1%。与低磷相比,赤红壤中低磷配施生物炭处理的碱性磷酸单酯酶活性显著增加78.9%,活性有机磷含量降低39.3%,同时显著促进了植株生长与磷吸收;生物炭添加显著降低了褐土活性有机磷含量,但不同处理对土壤磷酸单酯酶活性和植株生长无显著影响。土壤活性有机磷含量与速效磷含量均呈显著负相关。综上,生物炭对土壤磷有效性的作用因土壤类型和磷肥水平差异而不同,其在赤红壤上对植株生长和磷吸收的促进效应强于褐土,且在低磷条件下效果更佳。本研究为生物炭在减施磷肥和促进大豆磷吸收,特别是在赤红壤上的应用提供了科学依据。

关 键 词:大豆  生物炭  磷组分  磷酸单酯酶  磷吸收  
收稿时间:2021-10-08

Impacts of biochar and phosphorus application on soil phosphorus availability and soybean phosphorus uptake
KUANG Xi-zhi,DENG Wei-ming,TANG Le-le,HUANG Qi,CAI Kun-zheng,TIAN Ji-hui. Impacts of biochar and phosphorus application on soil phosphorus availability and soybean phosphorus uptake[J]. The journal of applied ecology, 2022, 33(7): 1911-1918. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202207.018
Authors:KUANG Xi-zhi  DENG Wei-ming  TANG Le-le  HUANG Qi  CAI Kun-zheng  TIAN Ji-hui
Affiliation:1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;2.College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;3.Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
Abstract:Biochar is beneficial to soil phosphorus (P) availability and crop growth, but the effects vary greatly across different soil types. We investigated the effects of rice straw biochar (4% of total mass) and P application (0, 30, and 90 kg P·hm-2) on soil P availability, phosphomonoesterase activity, and soybean P uptake by using lateritic red soil (pH 4.91) and cinnamon soil (pH 7.24) as test materials. The results showed that biochar application at different P levels significantly increased available P and total P in both soils. Biochar application with 30 kg P·hm-2 increased soil available P with maxima at 192.6% and 237.1% in lateritic red soil and cinnamon soil, respectively. Biochar application with 30 kg P·hm-2 in lateritic red soil significantly increased the activity of alkaline phosphomonoesterase by 78.9%, decreased the content of active organic P by 39.3%, and subsequently stimulated soybean P absorption and growth. Biochar amendment significantly reduced active organic P content in cinnamon soil, but did not affect soil phosphomonoesterase activity and plant growth. The content of active organic P was significantly negatively correlated with soil available P content. In summary, the effect of biochar on soil P availability varied across different soil types (lateritic red soil > cinnamon soil) and P levels (better at 30 kg P·hm-2). Our results could provide scientific basis for a promising application of biochar in reducing the amount of P fertilizer and increasing soybean P uptake, especially in lateritic red soil.
Keywords:soybean  biochar  phosphorus fraction  phosphomonoesterase  phosphorus uptake  
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