全球变化对资源环境及生态系统影响的生态学理论基础

随着全球变化研究的深入，面向社会可持续发展的全球变化风险与应对、全球变化对资源环境要素时空配置与生态系统的影响评估等应用性问题正成为全球变化领域的新趋势。基于生态学范畴，本文重点梳理了资源环境的涵义及其构成要素：资源是自养生物利用无机物制造有机物及能量和物质在生物间传递过程中所消耗的一切实体，包括无机资源(太阳辐射、CO₂、O₂、水和矿质元素等)和有机资源(作为其他生物的食物资源)两类，而环境不能被生物有机体消耗或用竭。此外，阐述了全球变化组成及其引发的资源环境要素变化特征，以及当前关于生态系统对全球变化响应的研究进展，以期从生态学原理角度科学认知全球变化对资源环境及生态系统的影响过程与机制，为全球变化风险应对实践提供生态学理论基础。

Theoretical basis of ecology for the influence of global change on resources,environment, and ecosystems.

With the deepening of global change research, the applied problems such as global change risk and response for social sustainable development, temporal and spatial allocation of resources and environmental elements and impact assessment of ecosystem are becoming a new trend in the research field of global change. Based on the ecological framework, we focused on clarifying the connotations of resources and the environment and their components. Resources refer to all substances consumed by organisms in the process of producing organic matter from inorganic matter and transferring energy and matter among organisms. These include inorganic resources (e.g., solar radiation, CO₂, O₂, water, and mineral elements) and organic resources (as a source of food for other organisms). In contrast, the environment can not be consumed or depleted by organisms. In addition, we described the components of global change and the associated variations of resources and environmental factors, as well as current research progress on the responses of ecosystem to global change. We scientifically described the processes and mechanisms of global change in terms of their influence on resources, the environment, and ecosystems within a theoretical framework based on ecological principles. Our goal was to provide a strong theoretical foundation for future research on coping with the risks of global change.