石油污染对鸟类的影响及石油污染清洁修复技术的研究进展

石油污染物通过自然泄漏和各种人类活动进入生态环境,对鸟类的生存产生影响。本文综述了国内外有关石油污染物对鸟类所产生的影响、受污染鸟类及其栖息地的清洁修复技术的研究现状以及发展趋势。现有研究发现,石油的毒性和石油对羽毛结构与功能的破坏是石油污染影响鸟类的主要原因。石油污染不仅对鸟类有直接的致死作用,而且能产生许多慢性危害,包括引起鸟类溶血性贫血、使其免疫能力下降、降低羽毛的保温和防水能力等。对鸟类栖息地中的石油污染进行及时清理并开展对受污染鸟类的清洁修复工作,是减轻石油污染对鸟类影响的重要手段。我国作为石油消费大国,关于石油污染对鸟类影响的研究与国外相比滞后,亟需在石油污染对鸟类的短期和长期影响、受污染鸟类及其栖息地的清洁修复技术等方面开展更多的研究。

Research advances in the impacts of oil pollutants on birds and the cleaning and repairing techniques

Oil and its pollutants, which enter environment through natural oil seepage and many human activities, have considerable impacts on birds. We summarized the research advances in how oil pollutants influence birds and the cleaning technology of polluted birds and their habitats. The toxicity and destruction to feather structure are the major impacts of oil pollution on birds. Oil pollution can lead to birds' death, and also produce many chronic harms, including causing hemolytic anemia, reducing their immunity, disrupting thermal insulation and waterproo-fing performance of feather. It is an important way to reduce the impacts of oil pollution on birds by timely cleaning up the oil in bird habitats as well as carrying out the clean and repair work to the polluted birds. As a big oil-consuming country, China has been left behind by foreign countries in the studies of the effects of oil pollution on birds. More attention should be paid on the short-term and long-term impacts of oil pollution on birds and the cleaning and remediation technologies of the polluted birds and their habitats.