Development of a biological control method against postharvest diseases of citrus fruits

Candida oleophila strain O was previously selected for its high and reliable antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum, two important wound pathogens on post-harvest apples. The application of these antagonistic strains on wound pathogens of Citrus was more recently undertaken. The efficacy of yeast (applied at several concentrations from 10(5) to 10(8) CFU/ml) was assessed against P. digitatum and P. italicum inoculated after one hours (at a concentration of 10(5), 106 and 10(7) spores/ml) on 'Clementine' and 'Valencia late' varieties. The protective levels were positively correlated with high concentration of antagonist and low concentration of pathogen. The antagonistic activity of this strain was also dependent on the incubation time before pathogen inoculation. The protective level increased with time between application of the antagonist and inoculation of fungal spores. Finally, the efficacy of biomass of C. oleophila strain O (produced at an industrial scale), and two different formulations of that biomass was assessed in comparison with fungicidal treatment (Thiabendazole) under semi-practical conditions against P. digitatum. This efficacy of strain O (whatever its formulation) was statistically comparable to that for TBZ at commercial dose, indicating that both formulations could be used as an alternative for conventional fungicide in postharvest treatments.