食源性致病菌激活NLRP3炎症小体及食源性功能物质的抑制机理研究进展

食源性致病菌感染是引起食源性疾病的首要因素，严重影响人类健康。炎症小体通过识别受体感知入侵宿主的危险信号进而组装形成多聚蛋白复合物，从而诱导炎症反应，是先天免疫系统中识别食源性病原菌感染和清除病原体的重要防线。NLRP3炎症小体是位于胞内的炎症反应平台，可以感知多种病原微生物的侵袭，在先天性免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用。食源性致病菌感染常引起NLRP3炎症小体的异常激活，介导多种炎症性疾病的发生和发展，因此，许多抗炎研究中常常以NLRP3炎症小体作为靶点。本文总结了食源性致病菌及其代谢产物激活NLRP3炎症小体的分子机制，以及天然产物和膳食功能物质抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活的机理，为治疗炎症性疾病、开发缓解致病菌诱导的炎症反应的功能化合物提供新的思路。

Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by foodborne pathogens and the inhibitory mechanisms of functional food substances: a comprehensive review

Foodborne pathogen infection is the primary factor causing foodborne diseases, which seriously endangers human health. Inflammasomes assemble multiprotein complexes by recognizing receptors to sense danger signals of invading pathogenic factors, thereby inducing inflammatory responses, which is an important defense line in the innate immune system. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important intracellular inflammatory response platform that senses the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and plays a crucial role in the innate immune response. Foodborne pathogen infection often causes abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which mediates the occurrence and development of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome is often taken as the target in the research on inflammation. In this review, we summarize the activation mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome by foodborne pathogens and their metabolites, as well as the mechanisms of natural products and dietary functional substances in inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and the development of functional compounds that alleviate the inflammatory response induced by pathogenic bacteria.