Carbon dioxide production as an indicator of Aspergillus flavus colonisation and aflatoxins/cyclopiazonic acid contamination in shelled peanuts stored under different interacting abiotic factors |
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| Institution: | 1. Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds., MK43 AL5, UK;2. Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria;1. Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia;2. A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;1. Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, UK;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil;1. Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India;2. Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;1. National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy;2. Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;3. Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare, 70100 Bari, Italy;1. Dept. Molecular Genetics, Inst. de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico;2. Dept. Biomacromol. Chemistry, Instituto de Química, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico;3. Dept. Biochem., Inst. de Fisiología Celular, UNAM Mexico City, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Aspergillus flavus is the main xerophylic species colonising stored peanuts resulting in contamination with aflatoxins (AFs) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). This study evaluated the relationship between storage of shelled peanuts under interacting abiotic conditions on (a) temporal respiration (R) and cumulative CO2 production, (b) dry matter losses (DMLs) and (c) aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and CPA accumulation. Both naturally contaminated peanuts and those inoculated with A. flavus were stored for 7-days under different water activities (aw; 0.77–0.95) and temperatures (20–35°C). There was an increase in the temporal CO2 production rates in wetter and warmer conditions, with the highest respiration at 0.95 aw + A. flavus inoculum at 30°C (2474 mg CO2kg?1h?1). The DMLs were modelled to produce contour maps of the environmental conditions resulting in maximum/minimum losses. Maximum mycotoxin contamination was always at 0.95 aw although optimal temperatures were 25-30°C for AFs and 30-35°C for CPA. These results showed a correlation between CO2 production and mycotoxin accumulation. They also provide valuable information for the creation of a database focused on the development of a post-harvest decision support system to determine the relative risks of contamination with these mycotoxins in stored shelled peanuts. |
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| Keywords: | Dry matter losses Food safety Groundnuts Mycotoxins Temperature Water activity |
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