Metallic and metalloid elements in various developmental stages of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland;2. Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia;3. Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China;4. Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, 61-614, Poznań, Poland;5. Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, T9S 3A3, Canada;1. Graduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil;2. University Center Campo Real, Guarapuava, Brazil;3. Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil;4. Graduate Program in Pharmacology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil;5. Medical Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil;6. Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, CPATU, Belém, Brazil;7. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands;8. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil;9. Division of Microbial Resources, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Paulínia, Brazil;10. Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud, University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;1. Department of Biology, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, 571127, China;2. Tropical Agricultural College, Hainan College of Vocation and Technique, Haikou, 570216, China;1. Longping Branch, Graduate College, Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China;2. Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China;3. College of Plant Health and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China;4. Shenyang Agricultural University, Plant Protection College, Shenyang, 110866, China;1. Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;2. University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;3. Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia;4. Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China |
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| Abstract: | There is growing evidence that mushrooms (fruiting bodies) can be suitable for biogeochemical prospecting for minerals and as indicators of heavy metal and radioactive contaminants in the terrestrial environment. Apart from the nutritional aspect, knowledge of accumulation dynamics and distribution of elements in fruiting bodies, from emergence to senescence, is essential as is standardization when choosing mushroom species as potential bioindicators and for monitoring purposes. We studied the effect of fruitbody developmental stage on the contents of the elements (Li, K, V, Cr, Mn, Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Al, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb, Tl and U) in the individual parts of the Amanita muscaria fruiting body. Elements such as K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn and Se remained similar throughout all developmental stages studied, however for K, differences occurred in the values of caps and stipes, as expressed by the cap to stipe concentration quotient (index QC/S). The other elements quantified, i.e., Li, V, Cr, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Al, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb, Tl and U are considered as nonessential or toxic (with the exception of V in A. muscaria). Their accumulation in the fruiting bodies and their distribution between cap and stipe did not show a uniform pattern. Pb, Sb, Tl, Ba, Sr, Li, Rb and Cs decreased with increasing maturity of the fruitbodies, implying that translocation, distribution and accumulation in stipes and caps was not a continuous process, while V, Cr, As, Ag, Cd, and U remained at the same concentration, similarly to the essential elements. Our results for A. muscaria confirm that elemental distribution in different parts of fruiting bodies is variable for each element and may change during maturation. Soil properties, species specificity and the pattern of fruitbody development may all contribute to the various types of elemental distribution and suggest that the results for one species in one location may have only limited potential for generalization. |
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| Keywords: | Arsenic Forest Macromycetes Mineral constituents Fly agaric |
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