Osmolytes and membrane lipids in the adaptation of micromycete Emericellopsis alkalina to ambient pH and sodium chloride |
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| Institution: | 1. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation;2. Department of Mycology and Algology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Bld. 12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation;3. Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation;4. Department of Chemistry and Technology of Biologically Active Compounds Named After N.A. Preobrazhensky, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow, 119454, Russian Federation;1. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512, Kraków, Poland;2. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Botanical Department, Budapest, 1087 Könyves K. Krt. 40, Hungary;1. Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds., MK43 AL5, UK;2. Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria;1. Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701, Athens, Greece;2. Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom;1. Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, United States;2. NE-CAT and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Building 436E, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States;3. Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States;4. Seoul National University of Science and Technology, College of Energy and Biotechnology, Department of Optometry, Seoul 139-743, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The accumulation of low molecular weight cytoprotective compounds (osmolytes) and changes in the membrane lipids composition are of key importance for the adaptation to stress impacts. However, the reason behind the wide variety of osmolytes present in the cell remains unclear. We suggest that specific functions of osmolytes can be revealed by studying the adaptation mechanisms of the mycelial fungus Emericellopsis alkalina (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) that is resistant to both alkaline pH values and high sodium chloride concentrations. It has been established that the fungus uses different osmolytes to adapt to ambient pH and NaCl concentration. Arabitol was predominant osmolyte in alkaline conditions, while mannitol prevailed in acidic conditions. On the salt-free medium mannitol was the main osmolyte; under optimal conditions (pH 10.2; 0.4 M NaCl) arabitol and mannitol were both predominant. Higher NaCl concentrations (1.0–1.5 M) resulted in the accumulation of low molecular weight polyol - erythritol, which amounted up to 12–14%, w/w. On the contrary, changes in the composition of membrane lipids were limited under pH and NaCl impacts; only higher NaCl concentrations led to the increase in the degree of unsaturation of membrane lipids. Results obtained indicated the key role of the osmolytes in the adaptation to the ambient pH and osmotic impacts. |
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| Keywords: | Halotolerance Membrane lipids Phosphatidic acids compatible solutes Erythritol |
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