实验兔三个封闭群微卫星DNA多态性遗传分析

目的 对日本大耳白兔、青紫蓝兔、新西兰兔三个封闭群体开展群体遗传学分析.方法 利用10个微卫星位点,进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡(HWE)检验,统计三个种群的基因频率、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、F值和遗传距离.结果 青紫蓝品种在12L1E11位点,新西兰品种在INRACCDDV0087位点与INRACCDDV0203位点,日本大耳白兔在Sat12位点与INRACCDDV0203,P＜0.05,显著偏离HWE,多数表现为杂合子缺陷；三个群体在Sat13、So144、6L1F10、7L1F1、12L4A1、INRACCDDV0016点上均符合HWE;各位点平均等位基因数5.9,种群整体基因频率差别较大,其范围为0 -0.9060；三个种群的平均观测杂合度为0.6204,平均期望杂合度为0.6178；群体间分化系数(Fst)平均为0.0750,日本大耳白兔和青紫蓝兔遗传距离最近为0.1223,青紫蓝兔与新西兰兔遗传距离最远为0.1934.结论 三个种群的遗传结构均表现出遗传稳定性和均一性,在10个微卫星位点上呈现高度多态性,种群间遗传分化明显.

Genetic analysis for three closed laboratory rabbit colonies using microsatellite loci

Objective To analyze the population genetics of three closed rabbit colonies： Japanese white rabbits（JWR）,Chinchilla rabbits（CR）,and New Zealand rabbits（NZWR）.Methods Ten microsatellite loci were selected and tested by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（HWE）,and the values of the allele frequency,observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity,the F-statistic value and the genetic distance were counted.Results The microsatellite locus 12L1E11 in CR population,the loci INRACCDDV0087 and INRACCDDV0203 in NZWR population,and the loci Sat12 and INRACCDDV0203 in JWR population showed evident deviation from that of the HWE（P0.05）,mostly resulted from heterozygote deficiency.All the other microsatellite loci Sat13,Sol44,6L1F10,7L1F1,12L4A1,and INRACCDDV0016 in the three populations consisted with that of the HWE.The average number of alleles was 5.9,and the range of allele frequencies was from 0 to 0.9060.The average observed heterozygosity was 0.6204 and the average expected heterozygosity was 0.6178.The average Fst value among populations was 0.0750.The observed lowest genetic distance was 0.1223 between JWR and CR,and the observed highest genetic distance was 0.1934 between CR and NZWR.ConclusionsThe genetic structures of the three closed rabbit colonies show genetic stability and homogeneity.The 10 microsatellite loci have high genetic polymorphisms.There is evident genetic differentiation among populations.