矿业废弃地复垦耕地多目标质量评价体系与应用

复垦耕地质量评价是矿业城市管理土地的重要环节, 也是土地复垦监测的关键步骤。采用模糊综合评价、单因子指数、内梅罗指数和灰色关联相结合的方法, 建立了矿业废弃地复垦耕地的多目标评价体系, 并以湖北省某废弃铜矿的复垦耕地为对象进行案例研究。结果表明: (1)案例区复垦耕地生产力总体处于中等水平, 土壤速效磷和土壤有机质的含量为主要限制因素。且速效磷和土壤有机质的变异系数大于40%, 在空间分布上有较大的差异。在复垦后的利用过程中应该注意土壤理化性质的监测和改善; (2)案例区安全利用状况在全区范围内差异较小, 全区均为轻度污染, 主要污染物为重金属砷。各重金属的空间相关性较弱, 表明受人类活动影响程度较大, 需要进一步对重金属污染进行防控; (3)该案例区复垦耕地与参比耕地的关联度均值为0.82, 较接近参比耕地综合质量。关联度的空间分布与耕地生产力的空间格局具有一致性, 耕地综合质量受生产力变化的影响较大。基于以上案例研究结果可以看出, 建立的评价体系可以较好地反映复垦耕地多目标质量, 为矿业废弃地耕地质量评价提供一定的思路。

Multi-objective quality evaluation system for reclaimed cultivated land of mining waste land and its application

The evaluation of cultivated land quality is an important part of mining city to manage land and a key step in land reclamation monitoring.This paper establishes a multi-objective evaluation index system,adopting the methods of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,single factor index,Nemerov index and grey correlation,and chooses a reclaimed mining area in Hubei Province as the case area to research.The results showed that:(1)The productivity of reclaimed cultivated land in the case area was generally at a medium level,and the content of available phosphorus and soil organic matter was the main limiting factor.Moreover,the coefficient of variation of available phosphorus and soil organic matter was greater than 40%,and there was a large difference in spatial distribution.Attention should be paid to the monitoring and improvement of soil physical and chemical properties during the utilization process after reclamation.(2)The environmental safety status of the case area had less difference in the whole region,which was mild pollution,and the main pollutant was arsenic.The spatial correlation of heavy metals was weak,indicating that it was greatly affected by human activities.People need to further prevent and control of heavy metal pollution.(3)The mean of relativity of case area and reference cultivated land was 0.82,which meant the comprehensive quality of cultivated land in the case area was closer to the comprehensive quality of the reference cultivated land.Moreover,its spatial distribution was consistent with the spatial distribution of cultivated land productivity,and the cultivated land comprehensive quality was greatly affected by changes in productivity.It can be seen that the evaluation system can better reflect the multi-objective quantitative evaluation of reclaimed cultivated land quality,and provide some ideas for the evaluation of cultivated land quality in mining wasteland.