Pilot study of sex differences in chemokine/cytokine markers of atherosclerosis in humans |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departments of Surgery, Physiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota;2. Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota;3. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota;1. Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China;1. Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands;3. European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands;4. School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands;5. Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands;6. Department of Pathology, Sint Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands;1. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Investigation in Tumor Angiogenesis (GIANT), Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile;2. School of Phonoaudiology, Universidad Pedro de Valdivia, Chillan, Chile;1. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States;2. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 S. Bouquet Street Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States;3. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, 130 DeSoto St., Pittsburgh, PA 15216, United States;4. University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States;5. Rush University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, 2150 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States;6. Rush University Medical Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, 1700 W. Van Buren Street Chicago, IL 60612, United States |
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| Abstract: | Background: Atherogenic processes increase in women after menopause, when the risk of cardiovascular adverse events approaches that observed in age-matched men. In experimental animals, ovariectomy increases the platelet content of mitogenic cytokines, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which when released into the blood or site of vascular injury, contribute to atherogenic processes.Objective: Experiments were designed to assess the sex distribution of inflammatorychemokines/cytokines, which may be released from platelets in the serum of middle-aged women and men in whom the extent of atherosclerotic coronary disease was defined by coronary arterial calcification (CAC).Methods: Blood was obtained from healthy white individuals recruited from the Mayo Clinic database. CAC was assessed by 64-slice computed tomography. Plasma cholesterol, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were analyzed by the Mayo Clinic Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology. Serum cytokines were determined using cytokine arrays. Cytokine expression was measured using dot blot analysis.Results: Of the 16 individuals (11 women, 5 men) who agreed to participate in the study, 1 woman was premenopausal, 1 was taking oral contraceptives, and 1 was receiving menopausal hormone therapy. One woman had an active infection and was eliminated from the study. CAC was detected in only 2 of the 11 women (scores of 46 and 56 Agatston units [AU]) but in 3 of the 5 men (scores of 3, 123, and 609 AU). Correcting for all other risk factors, expression of the chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normal, T-cell expressed and secreted; CCL5 [CC chemokine ligand 5]) was 100.98% greater in women than in men, and PDGF-BB was 55.30% greater in women than in men.Conclusions: This small pilot study found that the circulating chemokines/cytokines RANTES and PDGF-BB showed sex-disparate distribution between the women and men studied, and did not appear related to the degree of CAC. |
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