Responses of tree and insect herbivores to elevated nitrogen inputs: A meta-analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China;2. Public Monitoring Center for Agro-product of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China;3. Marine Science Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-6150, USA;4. School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand;1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;3. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, PR China;4. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China;1. Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland;2. Department of Botany, Kherson State University, ul. Universytetska 27, 73000 Kherson, Ukraine;1. Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Herbário FURB, Universidade Regional de Blumenau – FURB, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Bairro Victor Konder, 89012-900, Blumenau, SC, Brazil;2. Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, km 111, 83411-000, Colombo, PR, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Caixa Postal 131, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil;4. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Regional de Blumenau – FURB, Rua São Paulo, 3250, 89030-000, Blumenau, SC, Brazil;1. Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Núcleo de Ecologia de Insetos, Hexapoda, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil;4. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil;1. Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France;2. ITRA/CRAL, BP 1163, Lomé, Togo;3. Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France |
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| Abstract: | Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs have the potential to alter terrestrial ecosystem function through impacts on plant-herbivore interactions. The goal of our study is to search for a general pattern in responses of tree characteristics important for herbivores and insect herbivorous performance to elevated N inputs. We conducted a meta-analysis based on 109 papers describing impacts of nitrogen inputs on tree characteristics and 16 papers on insect performance. The differences in plant characteristics and insect performance between broadleaves and conifers were also explored. Tree aboveground biomass, leaf biomass and leaf N concentration significantly increased under elevated N inputs. Elevated N inputs had no significantly overall effect on concentrations of phenolic compounds and lignin but adversely affected tannin, as defensive chemicals for insect herbivores. Additionally, the overall effect of insect herbivore performance (including development time, insect biomass, relative growth rate, and so on) was significantly increased by elevated N inputs. According to the inconsistent responses between broadleaves and conifers, broadleaves would be more likely to increase growth by light interception and photosynthesis rather than producing more defensive chemicals to elevated N inputs by comparison with conifers. Moreover, the overall carbohydrate concentration was significantly reduced by 13.12% in broadleaves while increased slightly in conifers. The overall tannin concentration decreased significantly by 39.21% in broadleaves but a 5.8% decrease in conifers was not significant. The results of the analysis indicated that elevated N inputs would provide more food sources and ameliorate tree palatability for insects, while the resistance of trees against their insect herbivores was weakened, especially for broadleaves. Thus, global forest insect pest problems would be aggravated by elevated N inputs. As N inputs continue to rise in the future, forest ecosystem management should pay more attention to insect pest, especially in the regions dominated by broadleaves. |
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| Keywords: | Elevate nitrogen inputs Conifers Broadleaves Meta-analysis Plant-insect interaction Insect performance |
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