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Abdominal muscle activity during breathing with and without inspiratory and expiratory loads in healthy subjects
Institution:1. Department of Physiotherapy, and Activity and Human Movement Study Center (CEMAH), School of Allied Health Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Valente Perfeito 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;2. Faculty of Sport, CIFI2D, and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;3. Physiotherapist, Private Practice, Portugal;1. 234 Maeji-ri, Heungeop-Myeon, Kangwon-Do 220-710, Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea;2. Sophie-Marceau Women’s Clinic, Daegu, South Korea;3. 234 Maeji-ri, Heungeop-Myeon, Kangwon-Do 220-710, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Laboratory of Kinetic Ergocise Based on Movement Analysis, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea;1. Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Physical Therapy Program, School of Medicine and Health Science, University of Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia;1. Department of Internal Medicine, Hochzirl-Natters Hospital, Zirl, Austria;2. Department of Neurology, Hochzirl-Natters Hospital, Zirl, Austria;1. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Koodakyar Avenue, P.O Box 1985713834, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran;3. Rehabilitation Faculty, Iran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:Central Nervous System modulates the motor activities of all trunk muscles to concurrently regulate the intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressures. The study aims to evaluate the effect of inspiratory and expiratory loads on abdominal muscle activity during breathing in healthy subjects. Twenty-three higher education students (21.09 ± 1.56 years; 8 males) breathed at a same rhythm (inspiration: two seconds; expiration: four seconds) without load and with 10% of the maximal inspiratory or expiratory pressures, in standing. Surface electromyography was performed to assess the activation intensity of rectus abdominis, external oblique and transversus abdominis/internal oblique muscles, during inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, transversus abdominis/internal oblique activation intensity was significantly lower with inspiratory load when compared to without load (p = 0.009) and expiratory load (p = 0.002). During expiration, the activation intensity of all abdominal muscles was significantly higher with expiratory load when compared to without load (p < 0.05). The activation intensity of external oblique (p = 0.036) and transversus abdominis/internal oblique (p = 0.022) was significantly higher with inspiratory load when compared to without load. Transversus abdominis/internal oblique activation intensity was significantly higher with expiratory load when compared to inspiratory load (p < 0.001).Transversus abdominis/internal oblique seems to be the most relevant muscle to modulate the intra-abdominal pressure for the breathing mechanics.
Keywords:Respiration  Postural control  Core abdominal  Respiratory loads  Surface electromyographic activity
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