Effects of water depth on abdominal [correction of abdominails] aorta and inferior vena cava during standing in water

During water immersion bradycardia and increase in stroke volume induce by changing in hydrostatic pressure. We hypothesised that the cardiac alterations with immersion are associates with an increase in venous return from lower body. Because the venous return reflects volume of capacitance vein e.g, inferior vena cava. Therefore, we clarified the effects of water immersion on the size in left ventricle, aorta, and vena cava.