高原湿地纳帕海水生植物群落分布格局及变化

采用3S技术与植物群落研究法，对高原湿地纳帕海24a来的湿地植物群落分布格局及变化的研究结果表明：与24a前水生植物群落相比较。纳帕海水生植物群落类型、数量改变，原生群落不断减少或消失，耐污、喜富营养类群如水葱群落（Com．Scirpus tabernaemontani）、茭草群落（Com．Zizania caduciflora）、穗状狐尾藻群落（Com．Myriophyllum spicatum）、满江红（Com．Azolla imbricata）群落等大量出现；群落总数由24a前的9个增至当前的12个，其中挺水植物群落增加2个，浮叶植物群落增加1个，挺水植物群落增幅最大。由东向西、由南向北，纳帕海水生植物群落分布大致呈现出浮叶群落、挺水群落、沉水群落斑块状依次配置的水平格局规律。挺水植物群落分布面积最大，达528．42hm^2，其次是沉水植物群落，分布面积为362．50hm^2，浮叶植物群落分布面积最小，为70．23hm^2。随沉水群落、浮叶群落向挺水群落的演替，群落伴生种数量增加、优势种优势度减小、层次类型改变，群落结构变得更为复杂。纳帕海湿地水生植物群落分布格局及变化是对湿地环境变化的响应，表明了在人为干扰作用影响下，纳帕海湖岸线内移、水量减少、水质恶化等湿地水文条件的改变，致使湿地生态系统功能不断退化。

The distribution patterns and changes of aquatic plant communities in Napahai Wetland in northwestern Yunnan Plateau, China

Using 3S technology and plant community research methodology,a study on the distribution patterns of and changes to the aquatic plant communities in the high plateau Napahai wetland over the past 24a produced the following results: compared with the aquatic plant communities 24a before,the types and numbers of aquatic plant communities changed,and pollution-tolerant,nutrient-loving plant communities such as Com.Scirpus tabernaemontani,Com.Zizania caduciflora, Com.Myriophyllum spicatum,and Com.Azolla imbricata flourished while primary aquatic plant communities shrank or disappeared.Over the past 24a,the number of aquatic communities has increased from 9 to 12,with two new emergent plant communities and one new floating-leaved plant community.The increase in emergent plant communities was most marked.From east to west and from south to north,there was a pattern of successively distributed floating-leaved plant communities, emergent plant communities and submerged plant communities.With the succession of communities from submerged plant communities to floating-leaved plant communities,and floating-leaved plant communities to emergent plant communities,the composition of communities became complicated,and the number of accompanying species increased while the occurrence of dominant plant species decreased.The current distribution area of emergent plant communities,528.42hm~2,is the largest; submerged plant communities cover 362.50hm~2;and the distribution area of floating-leaf plant communities is the smallest,covering 70.23hm~2.The distribution pattern and change in Napahai wetland's aquatic plant communities is a reaction to the change in the wetland environment.This research showed that human disturbances have led to an inward movement of the wetland shoreline,a decrease in water quality and a reduction in wetland habitat.