The Growth response of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) to climate in the Georgia Coastal Plain |
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Affiliation: | 1. Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Cassandra lab, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;2. Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People''s Republic of China;1. Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;2. Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Egypt;2. Pesticide Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt;3. Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (ETRU), Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt;1. Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil;2. Agricultural Research in Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83, Umeå, Sweden |
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Abstract: | We examined tree-ring growth in a naturally seeded old-growth slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) stand in coastal Georgia to develop growth-climate models and reconstruct past climatic conditions during the mid and late 1800s. We generated earlywood, latewood, and annual ring chronologies dating to 1818, based on 40 cores collected from 22 trees at the Wormsloe State Historic Site near Savannah, Georgia, with 28 cores dating before 1900. We used correlation and response function analysis to relate tree-ring growth to climatic variables and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) indices. Water availability (represented by PDSI and secondarily, precipitation) was the most important factor determining growth for all three series, with latewood and September PDSI showing the strongest relationship. Like other species in the southeastern United States, moisture in the late winter and spring was crucial for earlywood development, while latewood and annual growth was enhanced in cooler, wetter summers, particularly with hurricanes bringing rainfall late in the growing season. Earlywood growth was greater following +ENSO (winter) phases and −NAO (winter) phases – for both indices, times when the northern Georgia coast is often relatively cool and wet. A verified split-calibration regression model based on latewood ring growth showed temporal stability and accounted for 27% of the variation in the observed September PDSI record from 1895 to 2009 (mean reduction in error = 0.21 and coefficient of efficiency = 0.05). During the instrument record, the timing of reconstructed and observed dry and moist periods matched closely; prior to that, reconstructed PDSI values indicated drought from the early 1840s to late 1850s – a period of unusually low latewood growth. |
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Keywords: | Earlywood Latewood Climate reconstruction ENSO NAO PDSI |
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