Insecticidal properties of Pimpinella anisum essential oils against the Culex quinquefasciatus and the non-target organism Daphnia magna |
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| Institution: | 1. Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Ruzyne, Czech Republic;2. Global Change Research Centre Academy of Science Czech Republic, Brani?ovská 31, ?eské Budějovice, Czech Republic;1. Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06, Prague 6 Ruzyně, Czech Republic;2. Laboratory of metabolomics and isotopic analyses, Global Change Research Centre, Brani?ovská 31, 370 05 ?eské Budějovice, Czech Republic;1. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy;2. Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy;3. School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy;1. CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, S.S. 113 - km 245.500, 90011 Bagheria (PA), Italy;2. Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy;3. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy;4. Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, 55136-553 Maragheh, Iran;5. Department of Pharmacognosy, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire;6. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The efficacy of an essential oil obtained from Pimpinella anisum fruits and its major compound, trans-Anethole, was tested on the eggs, larvae and adults of Culex quinquefasciatus. While causing no significant mortality on eggs, other tested stages were very sensitive to the essential oil and trans-Anethole. LC50 for the 2nd to 4th instar larvae was estimated as 26–27 μL·L? 1 and 15–19 μL·L? 1 for the essential oil and trans-Anethole, respectively. As for the essential oil applied on adults, LC(LD)50 was estimated as 9.3 μL mL? 1 (spray test), 1.9 μL L? 1 (fumigation test) and 0.6 μg cm? 2 (tarsal test), and for trans-Anethole as 8.1 μL mL? 1 (spray test), 2.1 μL L? 1 (fumigation test) and 0.4 μg cm? 2 (tarsal test). The time needed to achieve 50% mortality after application of LC(LD)99 of the essential oil was significantly different; for example, in larvicidal assays it ranged from 15 to 235 min depending on the larval instar, and from 9 to 180 min when applied to adults, depending on the mode of application. It was also found that temperature had an important effect on the larvicidal efficacy of the essential oil, and oviposition deterrent activity was studied.The essential oil and trans-Anethole were toxic for Daphnia magna (62–92% mortality) and significantly reduced its fertility at high concentrations (35–50 μL mL? 1) and long exposure (48 h). However, no negative effect on Daphnia mortality or fertility was found at shorter exposure times (6 h) and/or lower concentrations (20 μL mL? 1).Based on the results of this study, we can recommend the essential oil from P. anisum as a suitable active substance for potential botanical insecticides. |
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