Developing a new molecular marker for aphid species identification: Evaluation of eleven candidate genes with species-level sampling |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;2. Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea;3. Animal Phylogeny and Systematics Lab., Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 573-701, Korea;1. Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;2. Laboratory of Insect Taxonomy, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea;1. Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;2. Laboratory of Insect Taxonomy, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea;1. Insect Biosystematic Laboratory, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;2. Animal Phylogeny and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea;1. Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Republic of Korea;2. Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Straße 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany;3. Yeongnam Regional Office, Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency, Korea, Jungang-daero 30, Jung-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Republic of Korea;5. Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Republic of Korea;1. Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;2. Laboratory of Insect Taxonomy, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene has been utilized as a molecular marker for aphid species identification. However, this gene has sometimes resulted in misidentification because of low interspecific genetic divergences between some species pairs. In this study, to propose new molecular markers for the family Aphididae, we first screened 2289 sequences of 11 genes (COI, COII, CytB, ATP6, lrRNA, srRNA, ITS1, ITS2, EF1a, 18S, and 28S) collected from the GenBank. Among the 11 genes, ATP6 gene revealed the largest genetic divergence among congeneric species with the smallest divergence among conspecific individuals; in contrast, species pairs with low genetic divergences (< 1%) were not observed. Secondly, for statistically testing the usefulness of ATP6 gene in species identification, we analyzed genetic distances between all of the combinations of 32 individuals of 20 species for both COI and ATP6 genes. The ATP6 gene showed lower intraspecific (on average 0.08%) and higher interspecific (on average 8.28%) genetic distances than the COI gene (on average 0.19% and 6.24%, respectively) for the same pairs of individuals. This study corroborates the usefulness of the ATP6 gene as a new molecular marker that could improve the misidentification problems that are inherent with the COI gene. |
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