Autistic-like and schizotypal traits in a life history perspective: diametrical associations with impulsivity,sensation seeking,and sociosexual behavior |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA;2. Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;1. Center for Evolutionary Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, USA;2. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Mount Gravatt, QLD 4121, Australia;1. Department of Anthropology, Durham University, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, UK;3. School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK;1. Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, 150 Arts, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;3. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland;1. Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;2. Brain and Psychological Science Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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| Abstract: | According to recent theoretical models, autistic-like and schizotypal traits can be regarded as opposite sides of a single continuum of variation in personality and cognition, and may be diametrically associated with individual differences in life history strategies. In this view, schizotypy is a psychological phenotype oriented toward high mating effort and reduced parenting, consistent with a fast life history strategy, whereas autistic-like traits contribute to a slow strategy characterized by reduced mating effort and high parental investment. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that autistic-like and schizotypal traits would be diametrically associated with unrestricted sociosexuality, impulsivity, and sensation seeking (three key behavioral correlates of fast life history strategies in humans) in a sample of 152 young adults (18–38 years). The results were consistent with a diametrical autism–schizotypy axis of individual variation. In line with our hypotheses, autism–schizotypy scores were uniquely associated with individual differences in impulsivity, sensation seeking, and sociosexual behavior, even after controlling for variation in Big Five personality traits. However, we found no significant associations with sociosexual attitude in the present sample. Our findings provide additional support for a life history model of autistic-like and schizotypal traits and demonstrate the heuristic value of this approach in the study of personality and psychopathology. |
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