Establishment and growth of hawthorn in floodplains in the Netherlands |
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| Institution: | 1. Wageningen University, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Rijkswaterstaat, Waterdienst, P.O. Box 17, 8200 AA Lelystad, The Netherlands;3. Wageningen University, Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria;2. Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Institute of Organic Farming and Farm Animal Biodiversity, Trautenfels 15, 8951 Trautenfels, Austria;1. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. E. Garzón 780, Montevideo, Uruguay;2. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria Treinta y Tres, Ruta N° 8 km 281, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay;3. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay;4. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1364 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108-6118, USA;1. School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;2. School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;3. College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China;4. College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;5. Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China;1. Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Km 11.5 Carretera Durango-Mezquital, Durango, México;2. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Blvd. Antonio Narro s/n, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, México |
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| Abstract: | Dendrochronology was used to assess the influence of soil conditions, elevation and related inundation, climate fluctuations and vegetation cover on the establishment and growth of hawthorn in non-grazed river floodplains. Presence of forest influences the discharge capacity of the floodplain, therefore forest development needs to be considered in management plans. Although ring detection in hawthorn is difficult, clear dynamics in establishment and growth of this shrub species were found. Establishment was mainly influenced by inundation (length and height). The effect of inundation on establishment is location dependent; positive due to transport and deposition of seeds in higher areas, and negative due to drowning of young plants in lower locations. Extreme climatic events were found to influence establishment including a drought in 2003 and relatively low and high precipitation in 2004–2006 and 2007 respectively. These events combined with almost no inundation caused some anomalies in the time series for hawthorn establishment. Once above a certain height, hawthorn is able to withstand various abiotic disturbances occurring in these dynamic river floodplains. Excavated areas are enhancing forest development following hawthorn establishment and therefore these areas should be limited in size (e.g. by deeper and narrower excavations and thus a steeper transition towards the grasslands). |
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| Keywords: | Hawthorn Dendrochronology River dynamics Precipitation Establishment Growth rates |
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