Demonstration of interspecific competition between two sympatric egg parasitoids of Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) in laboratory condition |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea;2. Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Milyang 627-803, Republic of Korea;4. Greenagrotech, Kyeongsan 712-825, Republic of Korea;1. Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China;2. Guizhou Biological Institute, Guizhou 550009, China;3. Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, 145 61 Kifissia, Greece;4. Department of Chemical Biology, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, Guizhou 562400, China;1. Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea;2. Entomology Program Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;3. Department of Plant Medicine, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran;2. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Higher Education Complex of Shirvan, Iran;3. Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;2. MOA–CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10093, China |
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| Abstract: | Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) acts as a facultative hyperparasitoid of Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) sympatric parasitoid of Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae). A longer period of host egg exploitation by both parasitoid species would be beneficial for O. nezarae, while G. japonicum tends to be successful when the parasitoids have only a short exploitation period. We demonstrated the interspecific competition by measuring parasitism in nine combinations of host densities (10, 20, and 40 eggs) and exploitation times (1, 3, and 5 days). To reflect the gregarious-solitary dichotomy of the two species, three O. nezarae and one G. japonicum mated females were compared in addition to a one-to-one competition design. We found that O. nezarae was the better competitor when exploitation time was longer than 1 day, irrespective of host density. Total parasitism rate and progeny emergence of O. nezarae were 1.6–2.8 and 4.7–7.3 times higher than for G. japonicum in three-to-one competition design, respectively. Although G. japonicum females were more effective in host finding (as shown by their higher per capita rate of parasitism when exploitation time was short), their progeny suffered high mortality from the larval interspecific competition inside multiparasitized host eggs. These results suggest that gregarious O. nezarae is the superior competitor when host eggs are available for longer period of time while solitary G. japonicum is superior when host resources are available for only a limited time. |
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