成都市外来入侵植物种类特征及区系分析

【目的】全面掌握成都市外来入侵植物的种类特征、起源、区系成分和危害情况等特征,为相关部门制定管理策略和及早采取应对措施提供依据。【方法】以实地调查为主,结合标本及文献研究的方式获得成都市外来入侵植物的种类和分布信息,根据其在野外的生长和分布状况进行评估及划分危害等级,并进行植物区系分析。【结果】成都市现有外来入侵植物158种(亚种、变种),隶属42个科110个属,其中种类最多的3个科分别是菊科(36种)、豆科(17种)及禾本科(13种),合计占比41.77%;种类最多的属是苋属(8种),占比5.06%。原产地分析结果表明,有101种来自美洲地区,占比63.92%。从危害等级分析来看,其中19种为恶性入侵种(1级),32种为严重入侵种(2级),20种为局部入侵种(3级),41种为一般入侵种(4级)以及46种为有待观察种(5级)。植物区系分析结果显示,成都市外来入侵植物属的分布类型主要为泛热带分布、热带亚洲及热带美洲间断分布和世界分布。【结论】成都市地区的外来入侵植物种类明显增多,扩散趋势已加剧。根据上述入侵现状,本文对成都市地区防范外来植物入侵提出了以下4点防控建议:建立外来入侵植物风险评价体系,开展防控和利用技术研发,谨慎引种以及加强科普教育。

The taxonomic affinites and species characteristics and flora analysis of invasive alien plants in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China

[Aim] To understand the characteristics, origin, taxonomic affinities, and damage of the known invasive alien plants in Chengdu, and to provide scientific decision-making basis for their management.[Method] Species list and distribution information were obtained through field investigation, specimen records, and literature study. The floristic composition were calculated and analyzed.[Result] A total of 158 invasive alien species (including subspecies and varieties) were identified, belonging to 110 genera in 42 families. The families with the highest number of species were Asteraceae (36 species), Fabaceae (17 species), and Poaceae (13 species), accounting for 41.77% of all the species recorded. The genus with most species was Amaranthus (8 species). One hundred and one species are native to America. According to the level of invasiveness, each species was classified into one of 5 categories:19 species of agressive invasive plants (grade 1), 32 species of serious invasive plants (grade 2), 20 species of local invasive plants (grade 3), 41 species of general invasive plants (grade 4), and 46 species requiring further analysis (grade 5). Most invasive alien plants in Chengdu had a pantropical distribution, tropical Asia-tropical America disjunction, or showed worldwide distribution.[Conclusion] The number of invasive alien plants have increased significantly, and the spreading trend has intensified in Chengdu. Finally, this article puts forward four prevention and control suggestions, which are establish a risk assessment system for invasive alien plants, carry out research and development of prevention and control and utilization technology, introduce cautiously and strengthen popular science education for preventing the invasive alien plants.