Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease |
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Authors: | Sugamura Koichi Keaney John F |
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Affiliation: | Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA |
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Abstract: | Based on the “free radical theory” of disease, researchers have been trying to elucidate the role of oxidative stress from free radicals in cardiovascular disease. Considerable data indicate that reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important features of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. However, blanket strategies with antioxidants to ameliorate cardiovascular disease have not generally yielded favorable results. However, our understanding of reactive oxygen species has evolved to the point at which we now realize these species have important roles in physiology as well as pathophysiology. Thus, it is overly simplistic to assume a general antioxidant strategy will yield specific effects on cardiovascular disease. Indeed, there are several sources of reactive oxygen species that are known to be active in the cardiovascular system. This review addresses our understanding of reactive oxygen species sources in cardiovascular disease and both animal and human data defining how reactive oxygen species contribute to physiology and pathology. |
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Keywords: | 5-LO, 5-lipoxygenase 5-MTHF, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate 12-LO, 12-lipoxygenase 12/15-LO, 12/15-lipoxygenase ACS, acute coronary syndrome ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I ApoE, apolipoprotein E BH4, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin CAD, coronary artery disease CHD, coronary heart disease CVD, cardiovascular disease eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase GCH, GTP-cyclohydrolase GPX-1, glutathione peroxidase-1 HDL, high-density lipoprotein HF, heart failure iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase LDL, low-density lipoprotein LDL-R, low-density lipoprotein receptor LV, left ventricular MI, myocardial infarction Mn-SOD, manganese superoxide dismutase MPO, myeloperoxidase NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase NOS, nitric oxide synthase ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein PROBE, prospective randomized open blinded end-point RCT, randomized controlled trial ROS, reactive oxygen species |
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