The involvement of nitric oxide in the analgesic effects of ketamine |
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Authors: | Bulutcu Fusun Dogrul Ahmet Güç M Oguz |
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Affiliation: | Department of Anesthesiology, Kadir Has University, Florance Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. |
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Abstract: | We investigated the contribution of NO-cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway to the antinociceptive effects of ketamine in mice by using the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nitro(g)- L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg) or intrathecal (i.th.) (10, 30 or 60 microg/mouse) administration of ketamine produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests but not in the tail-flick nor in hot-plate tests. Pretreatment of mice with L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.) which produced no antinociception on its own, significantly inhibited the antinociceptive effect of ketamine (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.). However, L-NAME (30 microg/mouse) was given intrathecally, it neither modified the antinociceptive effect of i.th. ketamine (10, 30 or 60 microg/mouse) nor did it produce an antinociceptive effect alone. These data suggest that the activation of the NO-cGMP pathway probably at the supraspinal level, but not spinal level, contributes to the antinociceptive effects of ketamine. |
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Keywords: | Ketamine Nitric oxide Analgesia NMDA receptors Anaesthetics L-NG nitro arginine methylester (L-NAME) Formalin Writhing Pain Dissociative anesthesia |
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