基于TM遥感影像的森林资源线性规划与优化配置研究

山东黄河流域是黄河入海的最后区域,也是水土流失最为严重的地区之一,基于遥感影像和数学方法优化配置森林资源对区域尺度的水土保持具有重要意义。选取2000年、2006年时相相近的TM遥感影像作为数据源,采用监督分类法、专家分类法以及GPS、GIS等技术对森林资源进行分类、统计、验证和分析。在层次分析法确定森林资源、森林景观、环境和社会经济等指标因子权重的基础上,利用线性规划法对森林资源的空间格局进行优化。结果表明,区域森林资源空间分布极不均匀,且主要集中于鲁中南山地及丘陵地区。6a间,森林资源增长相对缓慢,宜林荒山荒地的面积增加了8.2%,到2006年,其面积高达238955.7 hm2。对宜林荒山荒地进行线性优化后,森林类型和结构得到明显改善,土地利用结构信息墒降低了8.4%,森林资源和土地利用空间结构有序度明显提高。最后,对立地条件不同的地区采取了相应的树种配置措施。

Linear programming and optimal distribution of the forest resources based on TM remote sensing images

The Yellow River basin of Shandong province is the area close to the sea, where is one of the most serious soil erosion areas within the basin. It is very important to optimize the distribution of forest resource for water and soil conservation on the regional scale based on remote sensing images and mathematical methods. In this study, two periods (2000 and 2006) of TM remote sensing images with similar temporal phase were selected as the basic data sources. The supervised classification, expert classification and GPS, GIS techniques were used for classification, statistics, verification and analysis of the forest resources. The results indicated that the forest resources spatial distribution was extremely uneven, with main concentration in the south-central mountainous and hilly area. The growth of the forest resources was relatively slow over the 6 years. The area of the barren hills and lands suitable for afforestation increased by 8.2% during the period from 2000 to 2006, which amounted to 238955.7 hm2. The barren hills and lands suitable for afforestation were optimized using the linear programming method. On the regional scale, the forest types and structure were significantly improved, and land use structural information entropy was reduced by 8.4% after the optimization. The spatial structure order degree of the forest resources and land use were improved. Finally, the corresponding forest management measures for the different site conditions were given.