施肥对金盏菊生长、开花及养分吸收的影响

研究了氮、磷、钾不同施肥处理对金盏菊（Calendula officinalisL.）生长、开花、干物质积累量及养分吸收的影响。结果表明：推荐施肥[N-P2O5-K2O：（0.4-0.2-0.3）g/kg]能有效促进金盏菊的生长及花朵开放,其中干物质积累量和总花朵数,分别比不施肥处理增加了264.3%和323.1%,比习惯施肥增加了16.0%和25.0%;不施肥、习惯施肥和推荐施肥三者干物质日积累量高峰均出现在移栽后29～35 d,分别为0.15、0.43、0.42 g/d;各处理氮、磷、钾吸收量之间均存在显著差异,推荐施肥处理N、P、K养分累积量分别为0.33、0.04、0.39 g/株,分别是不施肥处理的6.93倍、3.94倍和3.61倍,为习惯施肥的1.49倍、1.35倍和1.24倍,各处理金盏菊对N、P、K养分吸收比例变幅为1∶（0.13～0.24）∶（1.20～2.30）,平均比例为1∶0.17∶1.65。

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium Fertilizer on the Growth,Blossom,and N,P,K Uptake in Calendula officinalis L.

Fertilizer is one of the most important factors affecting flower growth.A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with Calendula officinalis L.plants to study the effect of different fertilization regimes on growth,flowering,and absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.Results showed that the recommended fertilization treatment（using N-P2O5-K2O：（0.4-0.2-0.3） g/kg） significantly promoted growth and flowering during the growing period in comparison to the control（no fertilization） and the habitual fertilization practice（using N-P2O5-K2O：（0.3-0.15-0.3） g/kg）.Dry weight of the plants under recommended fertilization increased by 16% and 264.3% in comparison to habitual fertilization and no（control） fertilization,respectively.Recommended fertilization also increased flowering,measured by total number of flowers produced,by 25.0% in comparison to habitual fertilization and 323.1% in comparison to the control.The largest amount of dry matter accumulation occurred between 29 and 35 days after transplantation,and reached 0.15 g/d in the control plants,0.43 g/d in the plants with habitual fertilization,and 0.42 g/d with the recommended fertilization treatment.Analysis of N,P,K accumulation for recommended treatment was 0.33 g/plant,0.04 g/plant,and 0.39 g/plant,which was 6.93,3.94,and 3.61 times the control and 1.49,1.35,and 1.24 times the habitual fertilization.The range ratio of N ∶P ∶K absorption was 1∶（0.13-0.24）∶（1.20-2.30）,with an average ratio of 1∶0.17∶1.65.