A neuron model as an universal element of self-learning networks for pattern recognition

A mathematical model of the neuron, socalled D-neuron, is proposed on the basis of some new conceptions concerning the molecular mechanism of the synaptical memory. According to these conceptions, the receptors of the neuron reception surface are divided into functional independent fields of receptors. The receptors of any field belong to corresponding membrane protein complex which contains moreover Na⁺-channels, K⁺-channels and eventually other protein subunits. Three processes are supposed to take place in any complex by its interaction with chemical transmitters: i cooperative transitions of the subunits, ii time-controlled transport of ions and iii changes of concentrations of the protein complex subunits. These processes correspond to the following information processings: i recording in the memory, ii discrimination and iii accomodation. In this paper they all are described by an idealized system of algebraic and differential equations. The proposed neuron model can account for the short- and long-term memory mechanism on the level of a single neuron as well as for the control of the neuron networks by the hormones. finally, the neuron model is presented as a universal unit of self-learning networks.