Comparative role of retinol, retinoic acid and beta-carotene on progesterone secretion by pig corpus luteum in vitro

Quadruplicate wells of pig luteal cells were incubated for 24 h in the presence of different concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene (0, 1 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-7) M) or retinoic acid (0, 1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-7) and 1 x 10(-8) M). In addition, the responsiveness of luteal cells to LH challenge was also evaluated. Progesterone was assayed in the media. Cell viability was estimated using trypan blue exclusion and showed over 95% viability. In the presence of LH, progesterone content in the medium was increased by 7-fold. As compared to their respective controls, all concentrations of retinoic acid and beta-carotene increased progesterone content in the media. The highest level of stimulation was observed with 1 x 10(-6) M-retinoic acid (5-fold increase) and 1 x 10(-7) M-beta-carotene (10-fold increase). Only 1 x 10(-5) M-retinol stimulated progesterone secretion (over 3-fold). Therefore, retinol, retinoic acid and beta-carotene stimulate progesterone secretion by pig luteal cells in vitro.