Degradation of endosulfan during substrate preparation and cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius |
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Authors: | D Hernández-Rodríguez J E Sánchez M G Nieto F J Márquez-Rocha |
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Institution: | (1) El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Post Box 36, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, México;(2) Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Km. 107 carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, México |
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Abstract: | Summary Endosulfan is an insecticide used on many vegetable crops. In mushroom cultivation, vegetable materials used as a growth substrate
may contain residues of endosulfan that may accumulate in the final mushroom biomass. After preparing the substrate, it is
subjected to pasteurization and/or composting and then inoculated with the desired fungus. The purpose of this research was
to determine the rate and extent of endosulfan reduction from a grass substrate that was either composted or sterilized by
autoclaving. In addition, the rate and extent of removal of endosulfan from substrate colonized with Pleurotus pulmonarius was determined. The degradation of 65 mg/kg endosulfan was analyzed on both, the substrate preparation and the culture of
P.
pulmonarius on the grass Digitaria
decumbens. During composting in presence of Ca(OH)2 for 120 h, the concentrations of α and β endosulfan were reduced by 61.4 and 49.5% respectively, significantly higher compared
with the control (without Ca(OH)2,) in which the reduction was 38.5%. After sterilization the concentration of α and β endosulfan was reduced by 84.8 and 87.5%
respectively. After the colonization of substrate by P. pulmonarius (15 days after spawning) α and β endosulfan were reduced by 96% and at the end of cultivation (35 days after spawning) were
reduced by 99%. When carpophores were analyzed, residues of α and β endosulfan were observed between 0.019–0.084 mg/kg. The
results showed that α and β endosulfan were partially removed during the preparation of substrate and entirely eliminated
during fungal colonization on the substrate. |
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Keywords: | biodegradation cultivation of Pleurotus endosulfan Pleurotus pulmonarius substrate preparation |
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