Anaerobic Processes as the Core Technology for Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment: Consolidated Applications, New Trends,
Perspectives, and Challenges |
| |
Authors: | Eugenio Foresti Marcelo Zaiat Marcus Vallero |
| |
Institution: | 1. Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de S?o Carlos, Universidade de S?o Paulo, Av. Trabalhador S?o-Carlense, 400 Centro, 15566-590, S?o Carlos, SP, Brazil
|
| |
Abstract: | Anaerobic digesters have been responsible for the removal of large fraction of organic matter (mineralization of waste sludge)
in conventional aerobic sewage treatment plants since the early years of domestic sewage treatment (DST). Attention on the
anaerobic technology for improving the sustainability of sewage treatment has been paid mainly after the energy crisis in
the 1970s. The successful use of anaerobic reactors (especially up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors) for the
treatment of raw domestic sewage in tropical and sub-tropical regions (where ambient temperatures are not restrictive for
anaerobic digestion) opened the opportunity to substitute the aerobic processes for the anaerobic technology in removal of
the influent organic matter. Despite the success, effluents from anaerobic reactors treating domestic sewage require post-treatment
in order to achieve the emission standards prevailing in most countries. Initially, the composition of this effluent rich
in reduced compounds has required the adoption of post-treatment (mainly aerobic) systems able to remove the undesirable constituents.
Currently, however, a wealth of information obtained on biological and physical-chemical processes related to the recovery
or removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur compounds creates the opportunity for new treatment systems. The design of DST
plant with the anaerobic reactor as core unit coupled to the pre- and post-treatment systems in order to promote the recovery
of resources and the polishing of effluent quality can improve the sustainability of treatment systems. This paper presents
a broader view on the possible applications of anaerobic treatment systems not only for organic matter removal but also for
resources recovery aiming at the improvement of the sustainability of DST. |
| |
Keywords: | anaerobic processes domestic sewage improved anaerobic reactor design post-treatment resources recovery sustainability |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|