Sequential transformation to pyramid two Bt genes in vegetable Indian mustard (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica juncea</Emphasis> L.) and its potential for control of diamondback moth larvae

Vegetable Indian mustard (Brassica juncea cv. “Green Wave”) plants that control Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) (DBM) were produced by introduction of one or two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes. A cry1Ac Bt gene associated with the nptII gene for kanamycin selection or a cry1C Bt gene with the hpt gene for hygromycin selection was introduced individually through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of seedling explants. A cry1C line was then transformed with the cry1Ac gene to produce pyramided cry1Ac + cry1C plants. Sixteen cry1C, five cry1Ac, and six cry1Ac + cry1C plants were produced. PCR and Southern analyses confirmed the presence of the cry1C, cry1Ac or pyramided cry1Ac + cry1C genes in the Indian mustard genome. ELISA analysis showed that production of Bt proteins varied greatly among individual transgenic plants, ranging from undetectable to over 1,000 ng Bt/mg total soluble protein. The levels of the Bt proteins were correlated with the effectiveness of control of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae. Insect bioassays indicated that both the cry1C and cry1Ac plants were toxic to susceptible DBM. The cry1C plants also controlled Cry1A-resistant DBM while cry1Ac plants controlled Cry1C-resistant DBM, and the pyramided cry1Ac + cry1C plants effectively controlled all three types of DBM. These Bt-transgenic plants could be used either for direct control of DBM and other lepidopteran insect pests or for tests of “dead-end” trap crops as protection of high value non-transgenic crucifer vegetables such as cabbage.