Effect of glutaraldehyde fixation on the frictional response of immature bovine articular cartilage explants |
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Authors: | Sevan R. Oungoulian Kristin E. Hehir Kaicen Zhu Callen E. Willis Anca G. Marinescu Natasha Merali Christopher S. Ahmad Clark T. Hung Gerard A. Ateshian |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA |
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Abstract: | This study examined functional properties and biocompatibility of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine articular cartilage over several weeks of incubation at body temperature to investigate its potential use as a resurfacing material in joint arthroplasty. In the first experiment, treated cartilage disks were fixed using 0.02, 0.20 and 0.60% glutaraldehyde for 24 h then incubated, along with an untreated control group, in saline for up to 28 d at 37 °C. Both the equilibrium compressive and tensile moduli increased nearly twofold in treated samples compared to day 0 control, and remained at that level from day 1 to 28; the equilibrium friction coefficient against glass rose nearly twofold immediately after fixation (day 1) but returned to control values after day 7. Live explants co-cultured with fixed explants showed no quantitative difference in cell viability over 28 d. In general, no significant differences were observed between 0.20 and 0.60% groups, so 0.20% was deemed sufficient for complete fixation. In the second experiment, cartilage-on-cartilage frictional measurements were performed under a migrating contact configuration. In the treated group, one explant was fixed using 0.20% glutaraldehyde while the apposing explant was left untreated; in the control group both explants were left untreated. From day 1 to 28, the treated group exhibited either no significant difference or slightly lower friction coefficient than the untreated group. These results suggest that a properly titrated glutaraldehyde treatment can reproduce the desired functional properties of native articular cartilage and maintain these properties for at least 28 d at body temperature. |
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Keywords: | Cartilage Osteoarthritis Friction Wear Damage |
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