The biomechanical properties of canine skin measured in situ by uniaxial extension |
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Authors: | Camille Bismuth Clothilde Gerin Eric Viguier Didier Fau Florence Dupasquier Laurent Cavetier Laurent David Claude Carozzo |
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Institution: | 1. CHEVAC, Small Animal Department, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l''Etoile, France. UPSP 2011.03.101 ICE, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy L''Etoile, France;2. Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP@Lyon1), CNRS UMR 5223, Bât. Polytech Lyon, 15 bd Latarjet 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France |
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Abstract: | IntroductionA uniaxial extension system was setup to analyze the mechanical properties of dog skin.Material and methodsPads were glued onto dog skin with constant reproducible geometrical parameters and the extension force was measured as a function of the extension values. Forty-one sites (82 cycling tests) were investigated in situ on 11 canine cadavers, half of them after surgically isolating the test area from the surrounding skin. Series of loading-unloading cycles of up to 5 N or 10 N or both loads were performed on each site. The elastic properties and the dissipative effects were characterized respectively by evaluating the secant Rigidity at maximum loads and the Fraction of dissipated energy.ResultsA hysteresis phenomenon, implying the need for preconditioning to attain equilibrium cycles, was apparent during mechanical characterization. Polynomial expressions were used to relate the measured Rigidities and the Fractions of dissipated energy with or without sample isolation. The latter were less affected by isolation. The ratios between the Rigidities at 5 N to those at 10 N displayed non-linearity in the investigated extension range in contrary to the Fractions of dissipated energy.Discussion/conclusionThe parameters confirming the dissipative non-linear elastic behavior of dog skin were identified and the correlation between Rigidity and Fraction of dissipated energy on isolated and non-isolated skin samples was quantitatively determined. This extension setup can now be used as a “true in vivo” mapping tool to determine the mechanical characteristics of the skin during healing processes or during the study of Human skin disease with the dog as an animal model. |
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Keywords: | Skin measurement device Extensometer Biomechanical properties In vivo Dogs |
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